{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7098950355","doi":null,"title":"Legal Docket-Entry Classification: Where Machine Learning stumbles","display_name":"Legal Docket-Entry Classification: Where Machine Learning stumbles","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7098950355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.187.4448","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.187.4448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/D/D08/D08-1046.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109250040","display_name":"Ramesh M. Nallapati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Nallapati","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046006076","display_name":"Christopher D. Manning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-649X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-649X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Manning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84967678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.63919997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.63919997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.358599990606308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-text-classification","display_name":"binary text classification","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6895999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.650600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6287000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.578499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.5511999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.3871000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69562738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200694","display_name":"Propositional calculus","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199190896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3509276","display_name":"Learning classifier system","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779382394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464197","display_name":"Inductive logic programming","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176248197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458526","display_name":"Probably approximately correct learning","level":4,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42023084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249231","display_name":"Decision boundary","level":3,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.187.4448","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.187.4448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/D/D08/D08-1046.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.299.8852","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.299.8852","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://nlp.stanford.edu/~manning/papers/nallapati_2008_emnlp.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6207000017166138}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4985268712043762}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102448616","https://openalex.org/W2963751061","https://openalex.org/W2121882970","https://openalex.org/W4285800927","https://openalex.org/W4408388547","https://openalex.org/W4200099460","https://openalex.org/W4311978870","https://openalex.org/W3199581707","https://openalex.org/W4312458506","https://openalex.org/W7140593681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,61,106,124],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,9,26,40,43,74,77,81,134,142],"problem":[3,24],"of":[4,11,21,45,51,68,76,103,133],"binary":[5],"text":[6,149],"classification":[7,150],"in":[8,152],"domain":[10],"legal":[12],"docket":[13],"entries.":[14],"This":[15],"work":[16,127],"presents":[17],"an":[18],"illustrative":[19],"instance":[20],"a":[22,90,130],"domain-specific":[23],"where":[25],"stateof-the-art":[27],"Machine":[28],"Learning":[29],"(ML)":[30],"classifiers":[31,47,140],"such":[32,153],"as":[33,129],"SVMs":[34],"are":[35],"inadequate.":[36],"Our":[37],"investigation":[38],"into":[39],"reasons":[41],"for":[42],"failure":[44],"these":[46,69],"revealed":[48],"two":[49],"types":[50,71,102],"prominent":[52],"errors":[53,104],"which":[54],"we":[55,87],"call":[56],"conjunctive":[57],"and":[58,72,146],"disjunctive":[59],"errors.":[60],"developed":[62,89],"simple":[63,91],"heuristics":[64],"to":[65,136,147],"address":[66,148],"one":[67],"error":[70],"improve":[73],"performance":[75],"SVMs.":[78],"Based":[79],"on":[80],"intuition":[82],"gained":[83],"from":[84],"our":[85],"experiments,":[86],"also":[88],"propositional":[92],"logic":[93],"based":[94],"classifier":[95],"using":[96],"hand-labeled":[97],"features,":[98],"that":[99,108],"addresses":[100],"both":[101],"simultaneously.":[105],"show":[107],"this":[109,126],"new,":[110],"but":[111],"simple,":[112],"approach":[113],"outperforms":[114],"all":[115],"existing":[116],"state-of-the-art":[117],"ML":[118],"models,":[119],"with":[120],"statistically":[121],"significant":[122],"gains.":[123],"hope":[125],"serves":[128],"motivating":[131],"example":[132],"need":[135],"build":[137],"more":[138],"expressive":[139],"beyond":[141],"standard":[143],"model":[144],"classes,":[145],"problems":[151],"nontraditional":[154],"domains.":[155],"1":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}