{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7098589274","doi":null,"title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments www.jove.com Video Article Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: How to Generate and Visualize Them","display_name":"Journal of Visualized Experiments www.jove.com Video Article Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: How to Generate and Visualize Them","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7098589274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.290.3881","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.3881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/74/f1/J_Vis_Exp_2010_Feb_24_(36)_1724.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080557819","display_name":"Volker Brinkmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4735-3682","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4735-3682"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volker Brinkmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089029019","display_name":"Britta Laube","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Britta Laube","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077107805","display_name":"Ulrike Abu Abed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrike Abu Abed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042380681","display_name":"Christian Goosmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2926-2751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2926-2751"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Goosmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088622582","display_name":"Arturo Zychlinsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6018-193X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6018-193X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arturo Zychlinsky","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46575435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11597","display_name":"Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11597","display_name":"Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11103","display_name":"Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-extracellular-traps","display_name":"neutrophil extracellular traps","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netosis","display_name":"NETosis","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophils","display_name":"neutrophils","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatin-release","display_name":"chromatin release","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granule-proteins","display_name":"granule proteins","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadph-oxidase","display_name":"NADPH oxidase","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-immunity","display_name":"innate immunity","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-defense","display_name":"antimicrobial defense","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlative-microscopy","display_name":"correlative microscopy","score":0.7310000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134897094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7003141","display_name":"Neutrophil extracellular traps","level":3,"score":0.9034000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.6984000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.6802999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.6485999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.5548999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189165786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193825","display_name":"Extracellular matrix","level":2,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.3709000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160448771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184726","display_name":"Phagocytosis","level":2,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49760210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596727","display_name":"Granule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777983669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223143","display_name":"Granulocyte","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540938839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201508","display_name":"Antimicrobial peptides","level":3,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503630168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178069","display_name":"Necrosis","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83640560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180951","display_name":"Chromatin","level":3,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98539663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220599","display_name":"Cytosol","level":3,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779719074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2038057","display_name":"NADPH oxidase","level":3,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48349386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361","display_name":"Reactive oxygen species","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778106830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29548","display_name":"Cell membrane","level":3,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89372155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420107","display_name":"Opsonin","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778175462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165663","display_name":"Chronic granulomatous disease","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15526883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6657126","display_name":"Live cell imaging","level":3,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144647389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423042","display_name":"Membrane protein","level":3,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.290.3881","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.3881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/74/f1/J_Vis_Exp_2010_Feb_24_(36)_1724.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966774641","https://openalex.org/W2104934425","https://openalex.org/W2118217258","https://openalex.org/W2128070431","https://openalex.org/W2048801137","https://openalex.org/W2174944569","https://openalex.org/W7097486749","https://openalex.org/W2586251728","https://openalex.org/W1675847437","https://openalex.org/W2042180642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neutrophil":[0,62,183],"granulocytes":[1],"are":[2,87,99,152,186,246],"the":[3,10,29,91,121,129,135,139,144,150,155,173],"most":[4],"abundant":[5,187],"group":[6],"of":[7,39,81,93,123,146,175,190,199,216],"leukocytes":[8],"in":[9,90,249],"peripheral":[11],"blood.":[12],"As":[13],"professional":[14],"phagocytes,":[15],"they":[16,44,86],"engulf":[17],"bacteria":[18,71,96],"and":[19,48,69,75,85,110,128,131,138,168,170,210,223],"kill":[20,70,224],"them":[21,207],"intracellularly":[22],"when":[23],"their":[24,126,231,236],"antimicrobial":[25,217,232],"granules":[26],"fuse":[27],"with":[28],"phagosome.":[30],"We":[31],"found":[32],"that":[33,50,55,118,203,244,251],"neutrophils":[34,124,228],"have":[35],"an":[36],"additional":[37],"way":[38],"killing":[40],"microorganisms:":[41],"upon":[42,119],"activation,":[43],"release":[45],"granule":[46,140],"proteins":[47],"chromatin":[49],"together":[51],"form":[52,198],"extracellular":[53,184],"fibers":[54],"bind":[56,204],"pathogens.":[57],"These":[58],"novel":[59],"structures,":[60],"or":[61],"Extracellular":[63],"Traps":[64],"(NETs),":[65],"degrade":[66,220],"virulence":[67,221],"factors":[68,222],"1,":[72],"fungi":[73],"2":[74],"parasites":[76],"3.":[77],"The":[78],"structural":[79],"backbone":[80],"NETs":[82,151,193,245],"is":[83,164,240],"DNA,":[84],"quickly":[88],"degraded":[89],"presence":[92],"DNases.":[94],"Thus,":[95],"expressing":[97],"DNases":[98],"more":[100],"virulent":[101],"4.":[102],"Using":[103],"correlative":[104],"microscopy":[105],"combining":[106],"TEM,":[107],"SEM,":[108],"immunofluorescence":[109],"live":[111],"cell":[112,156,160],"imaging":[113],"techniques,":[114],"we":[115],"could":[116],"show":[117],"stimulation,":[120],"nuclei":[122],"lose":[125],"shape":[127],"eu-":[130],"heterochromatin":[132],"homogenize.":[133],"Later,":[134],"nuclear":[136],"envelope":[137],"membranes":[141],"disintegrate":[142],"allowing":[143,227],"mixing":[145],"NET":[147],"components.":[148],"Finally,":[149],"released":[153],"as":[154],"membrane":[157],"breaks.":[158],"This":[159],"death":[161],"program":[162],"(NETosis)":[163],"distinct":[165],"from":[166,208,253],"apoptosis":[167],"necrosis":[169],"depends":[171],"on":[172],"generation":[174],"Reactive":[176],"Oxygen":[177],"Species":[178],"by":[179],"NADPH":[180],"oxidase":[181],"5.":[182],"traps":[185],"at":[188],"sites":[189],"acute":[191],"inflammation.":[192],"appear":[194],"to":[195,219,229,256],"be":[196],"a":[197,212],"innate":[200],"immune":[201],"response":[202],"microorganisms,":[205],"prevent":[206],"spreading,":[209],"ensure":[211],"high":[213],"local":[214],"concentration":[215],"agents":[218],"pathogens":[225],"thus":[226],"fulfill":[230],"function":[233],"even":[234],"beyond":[235],"life":[237],"span.":[238],"There":[239],"increasing":[241],"evidence,":[242],"however,":[243],"also":[247],"involved":[248],"diseases":[250],"range":[252],"auto-immune":[254],"syndromes":[255],"infertility":[257],"6.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}