{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7098405147","doi":null,"title":"and Kent Troutman for capable assistance and insight. They also thank","display_name":"and Kent Troutman for capable assistance and insight. They also thank","publication_year":null,"publication_date":null,"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7098405147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.397.6088","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.397.6088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.piie.com/publications/pb/pb13-21.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Street Bank Fail","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Street Bank Fail","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039617166","display_name":"William R. Cline","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8265-6470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8265-6470"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. Cline","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joseph E. Gagnon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph E. Gagnon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"William R. Cline","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. Cline","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anders \u00c5slund C. Fred Bergsten","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders \u00c5slund C. Fred Bergsten","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153261296","display_name":"Ted Truman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ted Truman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9223999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9223999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.039000000804662704,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lehman-brothers","display_name":"Lehman Brothers","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2008-financial-crisis","display_name":"2008 financial crisis","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-bailout","display_name":"bank bailout","score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-reserve","display_name":"Federal Reserve","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collateral","display_name":"collateral","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-bank-lending","display_name":"central bank lending","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-crisis-policy","display_name":"financial crisis policy","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-banks","display_name":"investment banks","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780889827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10756188","display_name":"Treasury","level":2,"score":0.7799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694563","display_name":"Collateral","level":2,"score":0.7401999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777764128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189539","display_name":"Loan","level":2,"score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4345000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15241564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319845","display_name":"Investment banking","level":2,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779228913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12281732","display_name":"Investment policy","level":3,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992823438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"International investment","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.397.6088","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.397.6088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.piie.com/publications/pb/pb13-21.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2207526729","https://openalex.org/W2137095793","https://openalex.org/W4297611880","https://openalex.org/W1585267681","https://openalex.org/W1491400581","https://openalex.org/W2166701922","https://openalex.org/W3121667045","https://openalex.org/W3102413389","https://openalex.org/W7099982734","https://openalex.org/W2108692141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"avert":[1],"panic,":[2],"central":[3],"banks":[4],"should":[5],"lend":[6],"early":[7],"and":[8,20,71],"freely":[9],"(i.e.,":[10],"without":[11],"limit),":[12],"to":[13,38,80,99],"solvent":[14],"fi":[15,28],"rms,":[16],"against":[17],"good":[18],"collateral,":[19],"at":[21],"\u2018high":[22],"rates.\u2019":[23],"\u2014Bagehot\u2019s":[24],"dictum":[25],"1":[26],"The":[27],"rm":[29],"[Lehman":[30],"Brothers]":[31],"could":[32],"not":[33],"post":[34],"suffi":[35],"cient":[36],"collateral":[37],"provide":[39],"reasonable":[40],"assurance":[41],"that":[42,93],"a":[43,87],"loan":[44],"from":[45],"the":[46,68,72,75],"Federal":[47,69],"Reserve":[48,70],"would":[49],"be":[50],"repaid.":[51],"\u2014Ben":[52],"Bernanke,":[53],"2008":[54],"2":[55],"\u00a9":[56],"Peterson":[57],"Institute":[58],"for":[59],"International":[60],"Economics.":[61],"All":[62],"rights":[63],"reserved.":[64],"Five":[65],"years":[66],"after":[67],"Treasury":[73],"allowed":[74],"investment":[76],"bank":[77],"Lehman":[78,102],"Brothers":[79],"fail,":[81],"their":[82],"actions":[83],"(or":[84],"inaction)":[85],"remain":[86],"focus":[88],"of":[89],"debate.":[90],"Some":[91],"argue":[92],"it":[94],"was":[95],"an":[96],"inconsistent":[97],"policy":[98],"have":[100],"let":[101],"fail":[103],"while":[104],"making":[105]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}