{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7098059519","doi":null,"title":"Persistence of Medicare expenditures among elderly Medicare beneficiaries","display_name":"Persistence of Medicare expenditures among elderly Medicare beneficiaries","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7098059519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.961.2504","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.961.2504","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nber.org/chapters/c9826.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alan M. Garber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan M. Garber","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049812814","display_name":"Thomas E. MaCurdy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5138-9373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5138-9373"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas E. Macurdy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113483502","display_name":"Mark McClellan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-5238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-5238","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8649-2372"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark B. Mcclellan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alan M. Garber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan M. Garber","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Veterans Affairs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veterans Affairs","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Palo Alto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Palo Alto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Health Care System","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Health Care System","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76641339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicare-spending","display_name":"Medicare spending","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elderly-beneficiaries","display_name":"elderly beneficiaries","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-cost-users","display_name":"high-cost users","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicare-part-a","display_name":"Medicare Part A","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicare-part-b","display_name":"Medicare Part B","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-reimbursement","display_name":"hospital reimbursement","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-allocation","display_name":"cost allocation","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicare-reform","display_name":"Medicare reform","score":0.7379999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5885999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910449239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559392","display_name":"Medicare Part B","level":3,"score":0.5705000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170389","display_name":"Persistence (discontinuity)","level":2,"score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018838755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Medical care","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778829437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806632","display_name":"Medicare Advantage","level":3,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.961.2504","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.961.2504","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nber.org/chapters/c9826.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124705592","https://openalex.org/W7099187734","https://openalex.org/W2044695933","https://openalex.org/W2189553826","https://openalex.org/W3181253298","https://openalex.org/W2895635132","https://openalex.org/W2148587601","https://openalex.org/W2907064478","https://openalex.org/W2004656203","https://openalex.org/W2071666233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"highly":[1,197],"uneven":[2],"distribution":[3,31],"of":[4,14,16,32,54,70,89,92,108,119,138,157,203],"Medicare":[5,24,33,49,71,93,120,210],"payments":[6,50,97],"among":[7,35,161],"elderly":[8],"bene-ficiaries,":[9],"combined":[10],"with":[11,177],"the":[12,17,23,30,45,52,74,90,106,117,128,134,146,155,169],"predictability":[13],"some":[15],"expenditures,":[18],"poses":[19],"several":[20],"challenges":[21],"to":[22,47,77,166,185,208,213,217],"program.":[25],"We":[26,79],"present":[27],"information":[28],"about":[29],"expenditures":[34,179,190,195],"beneficiaries":[36,56,109],"in":[37,105,127,149,168,180,191],"specific":[38],"years,":[39,193],"accompanied":[40],"by":[41],"new":[42],"evidence":[43],"on":[44,66],"extent":[46,156],"which":[48],"for":[51,85,116,131,172,221],"care":[53],"individual":[55],"persist":[57],"over":[58,200],"long":[59],"time":[60],"periods.":[61],"Our":[62],"analysis":[63],"is":[64,164],"based":[65],"a":[67,86,201],"longitudinal":[68],"population":[69],"enrollees":[72],"during":[73,98],"years":[75],"1987":[76],"1995.":[78],"find":[80],"that":[81,102],"high-cost":[82],"users":[83],"accounted":[84],"disproportionate":[87],"share":[88],"growth":[91,118],"Part":[94,121],"A":[95],"(hospital)":[96],"this":[99],"period,":[100],"but":[101],"an":[103],"increase":[104],"number":[107],"using":[110],"covered":[111],"services":[112,143],"was":[113],"largely":[114],"responsible":[115],"B":[122],"payments.":[123],"Few":[124],"bene-ficiaries":[125],"are":[126,183,196],"highest-cost":[129,170],"categories":[130,171],"multiple":[132,173],"years;":[133],"high":[135,178],"mortality":[136],"rates":[137],"individuals":[139,176],"who":[140],"use":[141],"medical":[142],"heavily,":[144],"whether":[145],"expendi-tures":[147],"occur":[148],"one":[150,181],"year":[151,182],"or":[152],"repeatedly,":[153],"limits":[154],"expenditure":[158,215],"persist-ence.":[159],"Even":[160],"survivors,":[162],"it":[163],"unusual":[165],"remain":[167],"years.":[174,205],"Nevertheless,":[175],"likely":[184],"have":[186],"higher":[187],"than":[188],"average":[189],"other":[192],"and":[194],"skewed":[198],"even":[199],"period":[202],"nine":[204],"Any":[206],"policy":[207],"reform":[209],"will":[211],"need":[212],"accommodate":[214],"persistence":[216],"provide":[218],"adequate":[219],"coverage":[220],"all":[222],"beneficiaries.":[223],"I.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}