{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7097965985","doi":null,"title":"Online survey of 336 contributors to the Apache web server software.","display_name":"Online survey of 336 contributors to the Apache web server software.","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7097965985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.589.6949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.589.6949","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.misq.org/skin/frontend/default/misq/pdf/appendices/2012/vonKroghHaefligerAppendices.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064346361","display_name":"Georg von Krogh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1203-3569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1203-3569"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Von Krogh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055554542","display_name":"Stefan Haefliger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-9207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-9207"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Haefliger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077889911","display_name":"Sebastian Spaeth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1029-5263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1029-5263"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Spaeth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023737487","display_name":"Martin W. Wallin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5263-1483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5263-1483"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin W. Wallin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76449599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"open source software","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apache-http-server","display_name":"Apache web server","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developer-motivation","display_name":"developer motivation","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrinsic-motivation","display_name":"intrinsic motivation","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrinsic-rewards","display_name":"extrinsic rewards","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-contribution","display_name":"software contribution","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developer-engagement","display_name":"developer engagement","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commons-based-peer-production","display_name":"commons-based peer production","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-financial-benefits","display_name":"non-monetary benefits","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-licensing","display_name":"open source licensing","score":0.4650000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.611299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5432999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5426999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5266000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173481278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257997","display_name":"Survey research","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781353284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901676","display_name":"Usage data","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73945780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814232","display_name":"Survey methodology","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78597825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484847","display_name":"E-commerce","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C313442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778556","display_name":"Persona","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.589.6949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.589.6949","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.misq.org/skin/frontend/default/misq/pdf/appendices/2012/vonKroghHaefligerAppendices.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096174041","https://openalex.org/W2096547436","https://openalex.org/W1840756029","https://openalex.org/W7044137068","https://openalex.org/W2506104723","https://openalex.org/W3126213700","https://openalex.org/W3019148650","https://openalex.org/W2044679885","https://openalex.org/W2051313245","https://openalex.org/W1991463899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"rewards":[0],"on":[1,30,140,181],"intrinsic":[2,84],"motivation":[3,85,104],"of":[4,44,67,83,95,113,133,160,188,192,208,212,222],"OSS":[5,27,70,87,116,162,182,194,210,224],"developers.":[6,117],"Baldwin":[7],"and":[8,17,23,33,48,59,90,119,127,152,155,196,217,232],"Clark":[9],"2006":[10],"Models":[11],"relationship":[12,124],"between":[13,125],"modular":[14],"code":[15],"bases":[16],"developers":[18,163,195,211],"\u2019":[19],"incentives":[20],"to":[21,41,63,79,102,165,175,199,227],"join":[22],"remain":[24],"involved":[25],"in":[26,69,86],"development":[28],"based":[29],"option":[31],"value":[32],"game":[34],"theory.":[35],"Benkler":[36],"2002":[37,157],"Theory":[38],"paper":[39],"trying":[40,62],"explain":[42,64,80,166,176,200,228],"advantages":[43],"commons-based":[45],"peer-production.":[46],"Berquist":[47],"Ljungberg":[49],"2001":[50],"Virtual":[51],"ethnography":[52],"using":[53,130],"archival":[54],"data":[55,96],"from":[56,97],"news":[57],"groups":[58],"discussion":[60],"lists":[61],"the":[65,81,123,134,213],"power":[66],"gifts":[68],"development.":[71,88],"Bitzer":[72],"et":[73,99,107,169,203],"al.":[74,100,108,170,204],"2007":[75,121],"Formal":[76,172],"modeling":[77,173],"aiming":[78,164,174,198,226],"importance":[82],"David":[89,98,106],"Shapiro":[91],"2008":[92,219],"Cluster":[93],"analysis":[94,187],"(2003)":[101],"create":[103],"profiles.":[105],"2003":[109,171,205],"Global":[110],"online":[111,189],"survey":[112,159,190,207,221],"1,588":[114],"self-selected":[115],"Fershtman":[118],"Gandal":[120],"Investigates":[122],"output":[126],"license":[128],"restrictiveness":[129],"a":[131],"sample":[132],"71":[135],"most":[136],"active":[137],"projects":[138],"hosted":[139],"SourceForge.":[141],"Ghosh":[142],"2005":[143],"Survey":[144],"with":[145],"2,700":[146],"respondents":[147],"investigating":[148],"e.g.,":[149],"demographics,":[150],"motivations,":[151],"contributions.":[153],"Hars":[154],"Ou":[156],"Online":[158,206,220],"81":[161],"participation.":[167],"Haruvy":[168],"how":[177],"non-pecuniary":[178],"benefits":[179],"impact":[180],"contribution.":[183,201],"Hemetsberger":[184],"2004":[185],"Content":[186],"responses":[191],"1,139":[193],"users":[197],"Hertel":[202],"141":[209],"Linux":[214],"kernel.":[215],"Ke":[216],"Zhang":[218],"204":[223],"participants":[225],"effort":[229],"intensity.":[230],"Lakhani":[231],"von":[233],"Hippel":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}