{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7097769486","doi":null,"title":"Automatic Detection of Learning-Centered Affective States","display_name":"Automatic Detection of Learning-Centered Affective States","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7097769486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1022.7898","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1022.7898","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://myweb.fsu.edu/vshute/pdf/bosch.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"In The Wild","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"In The Wild","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nigel Bosch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel Bosch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ryan Baker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jaclyn Ocumpaugh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaclyn Ocumpaugh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Valerie Shute Matthew","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie Shute Matthew","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weinan Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weinan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54841272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.10459999740123749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.023099999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect-recognition","display_name":"affect recognition","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"facial expression recognition","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-movement-analysis","display_name":"body movement analysis","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-games","display_name":"game-based learning","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-task-behavior","display_name":"off-task behavior","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boredom","display_name":"boredom","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"confusion","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engagement","display_name":"engagement","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frustration","display_name":"frustration","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delight","display_name":"delight","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-climate","display_name":"classroom climate","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34255","display_name":"Boredom","level":2,"score":0.7985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7904000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6438553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Affective computing","level":2,"score":0.6173999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5181999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5113000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988148770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion detection","level":3,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543511877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074158","display_name":"Educational software","level":3,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020701032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Computer game","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167699689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1521337","display_name":"Naturalistic observation","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206310091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750859","display_name":"Emotion classification","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1022.7898","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1022.7898","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://myweb.fsu.edu/vshute/pdf/bosch.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1025.587","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1025.587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://imotions.com/wp-content/uploads/Publications/2015a%20Sidney.pdf.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115417283","https://openalex.org/W2485075409","https://openalex.org/W2573863263","https://openalex.org/W6978228188","https://openalex.org/W2339239438","https://openalex.org/W2188997013","https://openalex.org/W2470695087","https://openalex.org/W2982670714","https://openalex.org/W2809214204","https://openalex.org/W846650280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Affect":[0,184],"detection":[1,69],"is":[2],"a":[3,60,87,154],"key":[4],"component":[5],"in":[6,55,90,177,191],"developing":[7],"intelligent":[8],"educational":[9,42,175],"interfaces":[10,173,199],"that":[11],"are":[12,180],"capable":[13],"of":[14,20,49,59,70,158,165],"responding":[15],"to":[16,33,45,83,98,109,112],"the":[17,56,91,106,162,166,192],"affective":[18,136],"needs":[19],"students.":[21,114],"In":[22],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"computer":[25,62],"vision":[26],"and":[27,77,96,134,148,169,200],"machine":[28],"learning":[29],"techniques":[30],"were":[31,53,102],"used":[32,40],"detect":[34],"students":[35,85],"\u2019":[36],"affect":[37,71,159],"as":[38,151,153],"they":[39],"an":[41],"game":[43],"designed":[44],"teach":[46],"fundamental":[47],"principles":[48],"Newtonian":[50],"physics.":[51],"Data":[52],"collected":[54],"real-world":[57],"environment":[58],"school":[61],"lab,":[63],"which":[64],"provides":[65],"unique":[66],"challenges":[67],"for":[68,122,171,174],"from":[72],"facial":[73,187],"expressions":[74],"(primary":[75],"channel)":[76],"gross":[78],"body":[79],"movements":[80],"(secondary":[81],"channel)\u2014up":[82],"thirty":[84],"at":[86,105,118],"time":[88],"participated":[89],"class,":[92],"moving":[93],"around,":[94],"gesturing,":[95],"talking":[97],"each":[99,135],"other.":[100],"Results":[101],"cross":[103],"validated":[104],"student":[107],"level":[108],"ensure":[110],"generalization":[111],"new":[113],"Classification":[115,195],"was":[116],"successful":[117],"levels":[119],"above":[120],"chance":[121],"off-task":[123],"behavior":[124],"(area":[125],"under":[126],"receiver":[127],"operating":[128],"characteristic":[129],"curve":[130],"or":[131],"AUC":[132],"=.816)":[133],"state":[137],"including":[138],"boredom":[139],"(AUC":[140],"=.610),":[141],"confusion":[142],"(.649),":[143],"delight":[144],"(.867),":[145],"engagement":[146],"(.679),":[147],"frustration":[149],"(.631)":[150],"well":[152],"five-way":[155],"overall":[156],"classification":[157],"(.655),":[160],"despite":[161],"noisy":[163],"nature":[164],"data.":[167],"Implications":[168],"prospects":[170],"affect-sensitive":[172],"software":[176],"classroom":[178,189],"environments":[179],"discussed.":[181],"Author":[182],"Keywords":[183,196],"detection;":[185],"naturalistic":[186],"expressions;":[188],"data;":[190],"wild.":[193],"ACM":[194],"H.5.m.":[197],"Information":[198],"presentation":[201],"(e.g.,":[202],"HCI):":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}