{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7097618895","doi":null,"title":"to the source. The Environmental Regime in Developing Countries","display_name":"to the source. The Environmental Regime in Developing Countries","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7097618895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.888.6690","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.888.6690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w7305.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Raghbendra Jha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghbendra Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John Whalley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Whalley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12883","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Management","score":0.8682000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12883","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Management","score":0.8682000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.09220000356435776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12013","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-externalities","display_name":"environmental externalities","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-degradation","display_name":"environmental degradation","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy","display_name":"environmental policy","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-emissions","display_name":"industrial emissions","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"traffic congestion","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-erosion","display_name":"soil erosion","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-access-resources","display_name":"open access resources","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forests","display_name":"forests","score":0.7549999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.8668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198428699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334780","display_name":"Environmental degradation","level":2,"score":0.6535999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16118543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275372","display_name":"Externality","level":2,"score":0.617900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70798638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4575211","display_name":"Environmental quality","level":2,"score":0.5199000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160050368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132453","display_name":"Developed country","level":3,"score":0.460099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82685317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510","display_name":"Pollutant","level":2,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989271921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919526","display_name":"Environmental policy","level":2,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779310246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752401","display_name":"Least Developed Countries","level":3,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320389","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10325510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3737914","display_name":"Resource depletion","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.2581999897956848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.888.6690","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.888.6690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w7305.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.807699978351593,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6618000268936157,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499294623","https://openalex.org/W7099104804","https://openalex.org/W2012729294","https://openalex.org/W7101132580","https://openalex.org/W3121935264","https://openalex.org/W7047078476","https://openalex.org/W1560770181","https://openalex.org/W1538264320","https://openalex.org/W6981591505","https://openalex.org/W7009617855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,86,137],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,11,19,32,64,70,112,115],"environmental":[4,15,76,91,144],"externalities":[5],"that":[6,88,133,151],"are":[7,31,117],"commonly":[8,24],"found":[9,152],"in":[10,66,78,93,146,153,156],"developing":[12,79,94,147],"world":[13],"(the":[14],"regime)":[16],"along":[17],"with":[18,28,81,99,126,139],"policy":[20,145],"responses,":[21],"if":[22],"any,":[23],"used":[25],"to":[26,74,89,97,104],"deal":[27],"these.":[29],"Included":[30],"effects":[33,50,113],"of":[34,42,51,69,114,134,142,158],"industrial":[35],"emissions,":[36],"air":[37],"and":[38,46,55,119,121,124],"water":[39],"quality":[40],"impacts":[41],"untreated":[43],"waste":[44],"(industrial":[45],"human":[47],"waste),":[48],"congestion":[49],"traffic,":[52],"soil":[53],"erosion,":[54],"open":[56],"access":[57],"resource":[58],"problems":[59,77,92],"(including":[60],"forests).":[61],"We":[62],"note":[63],"tendency":[65],"much":[67],"literature":[68],"last":[71],"few":[72],"years":[73],"equate":[75],"countries":[80,95,148,155],"pollutants":[82,109],"(or":[83,96],"emissions).":[84],"The":[85,136],"argues":[87],"discuss":[90],"compare":[98],"developed":[100,154],"countries)":[101],"without":[102],"reference":[103],"degradation":[105,162],"as":[106,108],"well":[107],"is":[110],"incomplete;":[111],"former":[116],"large":[118],"pervasive,":[120],"their":[122],"severity":[123],"interaction":[125],"economic":[127],"process":[128],"often":[129],"differs":[130,149],"sharply":[131],"from":[132,150],"pollutants.":[135],"concludes":[138],"a":[140],"discussion":[141],"how":[143],"light":[157],"our":[159],"focus":[160],"on":[161],"effects.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}