{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7096022378","doi":null,"title":"Spin networks in nonperturbative quantum gravity, in The Interface of Knots and","display_name":"Spin networks in nonperturbative quantum gravity, in The Interface of Knots and","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7096022378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.338.6124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.338.6124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/9504036v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138349308","display_name":"John C. Baez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John C. Baez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5138349308"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-networks","display_name":"spin networks","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-perturbative-quantum-gravity","display_name":"non-perturbative quantum gravity","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canonical-quantum-gravity","display_name":"canonical quantum gravity","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop-representation","display_name":"loop representation","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-integration","display_name":"functional integration","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intertwining-operators","display_name":"intertwining operators","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation-theory-of-lie-groups","display_name":"representation theory of Lie groups","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68562976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654081","display_name":"Spin network","level":5,"score":0.6255999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6161999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204572665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914299","display_name":"Spin foam","level":5,"score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143330242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849798","display_name":"Knot theory","level":3,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158913796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961083","display_name":"Canonical quantization","level":4,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.45010000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7503960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721094","display_name":"Topological quantum field theory","level":2,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54732982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415345","display_name":"Modulo","level":2,"score":0.43459999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106624574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270387","display_name":"Diagrammatic reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108568745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234181","display_name":"Quantum gravity","level":3,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4036000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130187892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327","display_name":"Spacetime","level":2,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181830111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850","display_name":"Gauge theory","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58801389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739962","display_name":"Loop quantum gravity","level":4,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179578378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067074","display_name":"Canonical quantum gravity","level":5,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115047598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54505","display_name":"Quantum field theory","level":2,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43303222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17019528","display_name":"Group field theory","level":5,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20359954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245956","display_name":"Immirzi parameter","level":5,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779863119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423048","display_name":"Knot (papermaking)","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31593994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832289","display_name":"Gauge fixing","level":4,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51568863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664495","display_name":"Lie algebra","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154018700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898323","display_name":"Path integral formulation","level":3,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42704618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910917","display_name":"Spin (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.338.6124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.338.6124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/9504036v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098048189","https://openalex.org/W4300224746","https://openalex.org/W2034809882","https://openalex.org/W2042458796","https://openalex.org/W4388295397","https://openalex.org/W1512259899","https://openalex.org/W3200215383","https://openalex.org/W3099990267","https://openalex.org/W2107246682","https://openalex.org/W3102873635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"spin":[1,95,126],"network":[2,127],"is":[3,89],"a":[4,7,11,22,76],"generalization":[5],"of":[6,21,49,58,69,115,124],"knot":[8],"or":[9],"link:":[10],"graph":[12],"embedded":[13],"in":[14,37,84,107,117],"space,":[15],"with":[16],"edges":[17],"labelled":[18,27,93],"by":[19,28,91,94],"representations":[20],"Lie":[23],"group,":[24],"and":[25,54,110],"vertices":[26],"intertwining":[29],"operators.":[30],"Such":[31],"objects":[32],"play":[33],"an":[34,63],"important":[35],"role":[36],"3-dimensional":[38],"topological":[39],"quantum":[40,59,72],"field":[41],"theory,":[42],"functional":[43,80],"integration":[44,81],"on":[45,82],"the":[46,55,66,100],"space":[47],"A/G":[48,83],"connections":[50],"modulo":[51],"gauge":[52],"transformations,":[53],"loop":[56],"representation":[57],"gravity.":[60],"Here,":[61],"after":[62],"introduction":[64],"to":[65,79,121],"basic":[67],"ideas":[68],"nonperturbative":[70],"canonical":[71,113],"gravity,":[73],"we":[74,98],"review":[75],"rigorous":[77],"approach":[78],"which":[85],"L":[86],"2":[87],"(A/G)":[88],"spanned":[90],"states":[92],"networks.":[96],"Then":[97],"explain":[99],"\u2018new":[101],"variables":[102],"\u2019":[103],"for":[104],"general":[105],"relativity":[106],"4-dimensional":[108],"spacetime":[109],"describe":[111],"how":[112],"quantization":[114],"gravity":[116],"this":[118],"formalism":[119],"leads":[120],"interesting":[122],"applications":[123],"these":[125],"states.":[128],"1":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}