{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7095308802","doi":null,"title":"Learning & Behavior","display_name":"Learning & Behavior","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7095308802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.700.6632","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.700.6632","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://biology.mcgill.ca/faculty/reader/PDF/Reader04L%26B.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44699673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.5776000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.5776000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.2766000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.060600001364946365,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning","display_name":"social learning","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-transmission","display_name":"cultural transmission","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-behavior","display_name":"animal behavior","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-acquisition","display_name":"learning acquisition","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-learning","display_name":"observational learning","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.7121999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102483320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143725","display_name":"Observational learning","level":3,"score":0.607699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5313000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983568541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Information transmission","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92393732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790374","display_name":"Learning theory","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131158328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307337","display_name":"Social influence","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15046100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2337214","display_name":"Social learning theory","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32433346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3007160","display_name":"Cultural transmission in animals","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.700.6632","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.700.6632","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://biology.mcgill.ca/faculty/reader/PDF/Reader04L%26B.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029763286","https://openalex.org/W141560748","https://openalex.org/W2139276581","https://openalex.org/W1967080866","https://openalex.org/W1998613719","https://openalex.org/W2157893431","https://openalex.org/W212179883","https://openalex.org/W4410010003","https://openalex.org/W2092830404","https://openalex.org/W2402698770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38,89],"determination":[1],"of":[2,31,109],"whether":[3],"a":[4,14,50,55,67],"particular":[5],"behavior":[6],"pattern":[7],"is":[8,13,92],"acquired":[9],"by":[10],"social":[11,118],"learning":[12,53,119],"thorny":[15],"and":[16],"con-troversial":[17],"issue":[18],"that":[19,77,112],"has":[20,41,98],"received":[21],"considerable":[22],"scrutiny.":[23],"Animal":[24],"studies":[25],"have":[26],"tended":[27,99],"to":[28,74,81,100],"follow":[29],"one":[30],"two":[32],"tradi-tions":[33],"in":[34,86],"addressing":[35],"such":[36],"issues.":[37],"laboratory":[39],"tradition":[40,91],"provided":[42],"experimental":[43],"rigor,":[44],"but":[45,97],"the":[46,75,82,87,117],"typical":[47],"setup":[48],"in-volving":[49],"naive":[51],"observer":[52],"from":[54],"trained":[56],"demon-strator":[57],"provides":[58,107],"little":[59],"information":[60,63],"on":[61],"how":[62],"may":[64],"spread":[65],"through":[66],"population.":[68],"Laboratory":[69],"experiments":[70],"are":[71,113],"also":[72],"open":[73],"criticism":[76],"they":[78],"lack":[79],"relevance":[80],"challenges":[83],"animals":[84],"face":[85],"wild.":[88],"field":[90],"often":[93,114],"more":[94],"ecologically":[95],"relevant":[96],"take":[101],"an":[102],"observational":[103],"approach":[104],"and,":[105],"so,":[106],"reports":[108],"cul-tural":[110],"transmission":[111],"anecdotal,":[115],"with":[116],"mechanism":[120],"(if":[121],"any)":[122],"rarely":[123],"being":[124],"determined.":[125],"A":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}