{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7092287101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.14150","title":"CodeEvolve: an open source evolutionary coding agent for algorithmic discovery and optimization","display_name":"CodeEvolve: an open source evolutionary coding agent for algorithmic discovery and optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7092287101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.14150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.14150","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.14150","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.14150","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.14150","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088638517","display_name":"Henrique S. Assump\u00e7\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8747-246X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8747-246X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assump\u00e7\u00e3o, Henrique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inter&Co. , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil","Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inter&Co. , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ferreira, Diego","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferreira, Diego","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inter&Co. , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil","Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inter&Co. , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072327617","display_name":"Leandro Lacerda Campos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Campos, Leandro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inter&Co. , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil","Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inter&Co. , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021734616","display_name":"Fabr\u00edcio Murai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-6381","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-6381"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murai, Fabricio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithms","display_name":"evolutionary algorithms","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-prompting","display_name":"meta-prompting","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llm-ensembles","display_name":"LLM ensembles","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic-design","display_name":"heuristic design","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-optimization","display_name":"program optimization","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"open source software","score":0.4749999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7688000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6064000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5766000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5591999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775973920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3252726","display_name":"Selection algorithm","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.14150","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.14150","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.14150","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.14150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.14150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.14150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.14150","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.14150","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.14150","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7092287101.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7092287101.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W758372786","https://openalex.org/W2739858255","https://openalex.org/W2964095170","https://openalex.org/W3177813494","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4386839807","https://openalex.org/W4388926524","https://openalex.org/W4391212860","https://openalex.org/W4414939355","https://openalex.org/W4414982480","https://openalex.org/W4415108068","https://openalex.org/W4415130727","https://openalex.org/W4415337371","https://openalex.org/W4416411532","https://openalex.org/W4416667294","https://openalex.org/W4416932013","https://openalex.org/W6947558992","https://openalex.org/W6948369276","https://openalex.org/W7075994024","https://openalex.org/W7083291402","https://openalex.org/W7116063285","https://openalex.org/W7214900988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415108068","https://openalex.org/W7083291402","https://openalex.org/W7128708936","https://openalex.org/W7213344567","https://openalex.org/W7161550390","https://openalex.org/W7215073662","https://openalex.org/W4412106628","https://openalex.org/W7223272884","https://openalex.org/W6885052257","https://openalex.org/W7117990715"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,132],"introduce":[1],"CodeEvolve,":[2],"an":[3,95],"open-source":[4,69],"framework":[5],"that":[6,118],"couples":[7],"large":[8],"language":[9],"models":[10],"with":[11,109],"island-based":[12],"evolutionary":[13],"search":[14],"for":[15,42],"end-to-end":[16],"algorithmic":[17],"discovery.":[18],"CodeEvolve":[19,50],"integrates":[20],"inspiration-based":[21],"crossover,":[22],"meta-prompting,":[23],"and":[24,33,72,106,138],"depth-based":[25],"refinement":[26],"on":[27,58,74,89,111],"top":[28],"of":[29,60,76,97],"a":[30,34,102],"CVT-MAP-Elites":[31],"archive":[32],"weighted":[35],"LLM":[36],"ensemble":[37],"to":[38],"generate":[39],"optimized":[40],"solutions":[41],"complex":[43],"problems.":[44],"On":[45],"the":[46,54,68,79,85,119,134],"AlphaEvolve":[47,56,87],"benchmark":[48],"suite,":[49],"matches":[51],"or":[52],"surpasses":[53,84],"reported":[55,86],"results":[57],"5":[59],"9":[61],"problems":[62],"and,":[63],"under":[64],"matched":[65],"conditions,":[66],"outperforms":[67],"frameworks":[70],"OpenEvolve":[71],"ShinkaEvolve":[73],"6":[75],"9.":[77],"With":[78],"open-weight":[80],"Qwen3-Coder-30B":[81],"backbone,":[82],"it":[83],"score":[88],"both":[90],"CirclePackingSquare":[91],"instances":[92],"at":[93,142],"roughly":[94],"order":[96],"magnitude":[98],"lower":[99],"cost":[100],"than":[101,125],"frontier":[103],"closed-source":[104],"ensemble,":[105],"remains":[107],"competitive":[108],"EoH":[110],"heuristic-design":[112],"tasks":[113],"without":[114],"retuning.":[115],"Ablations":[116],"show":[117],"interaction":[120],"between":[121],"CodeEvolve's":[122],"components,":[123],"rather":[124],"any":[126],"single":[127],"operator,":[128],"drives":[129],"these":[130],"results.":[131],"release":[133],"framework,":[135],"experimental":[136],"data,":[137],"practical":[139],"hyperparameter":[140],"guidelines":[141],"https://github.com/inter-co/science-codeevolve.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-18T00:00:00"}