{"id":"https://openalex.org/W70854652","doi":null,"title":"Movement for the emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) political marginalization, repression and petro-insurgency in the Niger Delta","display_name":"Movement for the emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) political marginalization, repression and petro-insurgency in the Niger Delta","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W70854652","mag":"70854652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:nai-795","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nai:diva-795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nai:diva-795","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040317531","display_name":"Elias Edise Courson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elias Courson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040317531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13687","display_name":"Extractivism and Socioeconomic Issues","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/niger-delta","display_name":"Niger Delta","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-conflict","display_name":"oil conflict","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-marginalization","display_name":"political exclusion","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-repression","display_name":"political repression","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy-of-oil","display_name":"political economy of oil","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-oil-companies","display_name":"international oil companies","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-resolution","display_name":"conflict resolution","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-wealth","display_name":"oil wealth","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armed-insurgency","display_name":"armed insurgency","score":0.4099999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993759428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29412","display_name":"Niger delta","level":3,"score":0.987159252166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781153986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380351","display_name":"Emancipation","level":3,"score":0.7778766751289368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510578393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323212","display_name":"Insurgency","level":3,"score":0.7080879807472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6387978792190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781062241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899269","display_name":"Political repression","level":3,"score":0.6120225787162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49506","display_name":"Delta","level":2,"score":0.5670422315597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5409475564956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4334811568260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.37612441182136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.33442768454551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23279404640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12235823273658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09830334782600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:nai-795","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nai:diva-795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},{"id":"mag:70854652","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://integritynigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/MEND.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:nai-795","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nai:diva-795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12629757","https://openalex.org/W160013786","https://openalex.org/W207259709","https://openalex.org/W213651478","https://openalex.org/W214178766","https://openalex.org/W227259170","https://openalex.org/W259088252","https://openalex.org/W328122864","https://openalex.org/W337987503","https://openalex.org/W428034402","https://openalex.org/W606352650","https://openalex.org/W638932682","https://openalex.org/W647082279","https://openalex.org/W655180414","https://openalex.org/W1498599939","https://openalex.org/W1508677605","https://openalex.org/W1535418541","https://openalex.org/W1569766808","https://openalex.org/W1578166218","https://openalex.org/W1606487325","https://openalex.org/W1824706326","https://openalex.org/W1828617744","https://openalex.org/W1908089328","https://openalex.org/W1993277492","https://openalex.org/W2054636104","https://openalex.org/W2097154693","https://openalex.org/W2104493323","https://openalex.org/W2106992119","https://openalex.org/W2109613239","https://openalex.org/W2118200461","https://openalex.org/W2131674548","https://openalex.org/W2133462023","https://openalex.org/W2155869784","https://openalex.org/W2156625419","https://openalex.org/W2164072245","https://openalex.org/W2170050731","https://openalex.org/W2266283623","https://openalex.org/W2801046738","https://openalex.org/W3004984580","https://openalex.org/W3122074090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119242382","https://openalex.org/W2125344948","https://openalex.org/W2990135470","https://openalex.org/W2130985148","https://openalex.org/W1978476668","https://openalex.org/W571866863","https://openalex.org/W4251272830","https://openalex.org/W4241618211","https://openalex.org/W185312373","https://openalex.org/W2257339419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,126],"Discussion":[1],"paper":[2],"addresses":[3],"the":[4,7,23,34,38,41,50,57,61,75,78,82,85,102,107,111,114,120,131,134,137,143,146,150,155,165,169,172,183],"linkages":[5],"between":[6],"political":[8],"economy":[9],"of":[10,33,40,52,68,77,81,87,93,106,116,133,145,148,185],"oil":[11,18,54,79,108],"and":[12,19,48,56,104,113,123,140,142],"violent":[13],"conflict":[14,109,152],"in":[15,60,70,110,129,136,153],"Nigeria\u2019s":[16],"main":[17],"gas":[20],"producing":[21],"region,":[22,112],"Niger":[24,42,65,138],"Delta.":[25],"It":[26,159],"is":[27,127,157,160],"based":[28],"on":[29,101],"a":[30,161],"case":[31],"study":[32,92],"insurgent":[35],"Movement":[36],"for":[37,74,84],"Emancipation":[39],"Delta":[43,66,139],"(MEND),":[44],"which":[45,154,163],"has":[46],"targeted":[47],"attacked":[49],"interests":[51],"international":[53,124],"companies":[55],"federal":[58],"government":[59],"oil-rich,":[62],"but":[63],"impoverished,":[64],"region":[67,83,156],"Nigeria,":[69],"its":[71],"professed":[72],"campaign":[73],"control":[76],"wealth":[80],"benefit":[86],"local":[88],"people.":[89],"Through":[90],"this":[91],"MEND,":[94],"fresh":[95],"perspectives":[96],"are":[97],"brought":[98],"to":[99,171,180],"bear":[100],"causes":[103],"ramifications":[105],"role":[115],"various":[117],"actors":[118],"at":[119],"local,":[121],"national":[122],"levels.":[125],"important":[128],"grasping":[130],"nature":[132],"violence":[135],"Nigeria":[141],"enormity":[144],"task":[147],"resolving":[149],"complex":[151],"immersed.":[158],"challenge,":[162],"as":[164],"author":[166],"argues,":[167],"transcends":[168],"resort":[170],"militarized":[173],"or":[174],"securitized":[175],"solutions":[176],"that":[177],"often":[178],"fail":[179],"adequately":[181],"address":[182],"roots":[184],"conflict.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}