{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7083174041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999","title":"Corn silk extracts modulated ADORA1 and GABBR1 for type 2 diabetes mellitus intervention: An in vitro validation study","display_name":"Corn silk extracts modulated ADORA1 and GABBR1 for type 2 diabetes mellitus intervention: An in vitro validation study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7083174041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198261","display_name":"Scientific African","issn_l":"2468-2276","issn":["2468-2276"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific African","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076405462","display_name":"Ayesha Akoonjee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177181097","display_name":"Durban University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0303y7a51","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayesha Akoonjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085778624","display_name":"Halimat Yusuf Lukman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-4915","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-4915"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177181097","display_name":"Durban University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0303y7a51","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Halimat Yusuf Lukman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-4915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Terisha Ghazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0179-213X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0179-213X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terisha Ghazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0179-213X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002083496","display_name":"Anil Amichund Chuturgoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-4133","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-4133"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Amichund Chuturgoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Saheed Sabiu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177181097","display_name":"Durban University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0303y7a51","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saheed Sabiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085778624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"],"apc_list":{"value":590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":590},"apc_paid":{"value":590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":590},"fwci":0.5933,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77130524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"e02999","last_page":"e02999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11140","display_name":"Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11140","display_name":"Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corn-silk","display_name":"corn silk","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adenosine-a1-receptor","display_name":"adenosine A1 receptor","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabbr1","display_name":"GABBR1","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabab-receptors","display_name":"GABAB receptors","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antidiabetic-activity","display_name":"antidiabetic activity","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-uptake","display_name":"glucose uptake","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepg2-cells","display_name":"HepG2 cells","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-amp-pathway","display_name":"cyclic AMP pathway","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallic-acid","display_name":"gallic acid","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-extracts","display_name":"plant extracts","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.5602999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5493999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776991684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190012","display_name":"Adenosine","level":2,"score":0.5295000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776668983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210041","display_name":"Cyclic adenosine monophosphate","level":3,"score":0.5164999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776120743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271540","display_name":"Mechanism of action","level":3,"score":0.5038999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775905019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192572","display_name":"In silico","level":3,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67907053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356147","display_name":"Adenosine receptor","level":4,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777866211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572349","display_name":"Glucose uptake","level":3,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53227056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189152","display_name":"Viability assay","level":3,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116073593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864491","display_name":"Biological activity","level":3,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17093226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734081","display_name":"Carbohydrate metabolism","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993907526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259977","display_name":"Aqueous extract","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104292427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899781","display_name":"Protein subunit","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25642318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1992532","display_name":"Incubation","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182683403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14888579","display_name":"Adenosine A1 receptor","level":5,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198261","display_name":"Scientific African","issn_l":"2468-2276","issn":["2468-2276"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific African","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0d1757649c0d4e8d8b9cedf4aa6d9dc4","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0d1757649c0d4e8d8b9cedf4aa6d9dc4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific African, Vol 30, Iss , Pp e02999- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198261","display_name":"Scientific African","issn_l":"2468-2276","issn":["2468-2276"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific African","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6695602536201477,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G354936113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SRUG2204193723","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F3881439903","display_name":"International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/03j4rrt43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309965","display_name":"Durban University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0303y7a51"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320901","display_name":"International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/043bgf219"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1884484468","https://openalex.org/W1969993160","https://openalex.org/W1987629026","https://openalex.org/W2038351882","https://openalex.org/W2049678684","https://openalex.org/W2104912558","https://openalex.org/W2107277218","https://openalex.org/W2111081182","https://openalex.org/W2187119809","https://openalex.org/W2255388283","https://openalex.org/W2345732035","https://openalex.org/W2537664736","https://openalex.org/W2616464479","https://openalex.org/W2762454792","https://openalex.org/W2769455475","https://openalex.org/W2843607265","https://openalex.org/W2895263771","https://openalex.org/W2916438242","https://openalex.org/W2944513538","https://openalex.org/W2965218745","https://openalex.org/W2972148293","https://openalex.org/W2975190007","https://openalex.org/W2980560484","https://openalex.org/W3004262394","https://openalex.org/W3016644007","https://openalex.org/W3085093963","https://openalex.org/W3092273568","https://openalex.org/W3118390403","https://openalex.org/W3162113787","https://openalex.org/W3172718417","https://openalex.org/W3205555890","https://openalex.org/W3207346860","https://openalex.org/W4200135621","https://openalex.org/W4200259742","https://openalex.org/W4286240452","https://openalex.org/W4307233465","https://openalex.org/W4364379123","https://openalex.org/W4377564884","https://openalex.org/W4392528420","https://openalex.org/W4393073688"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"in":[1,16,33,108,160,212],"silico":[2],"antidiabetic":[3,25,208,236],"mechanism":[4,206],"of":[5,27,55,67,111,127,137,146,156,179,191,198,207,210,218,232],"corn":[6],"silk":[7],"(CS)":[8],"has":[9],"been":[10],"established,":[11],"studies":[12],"validating":[13],"this":[14,199],"activity":[15],"biological":[17],"system":[18],"is":[19],"lacking.":[20],"This":[21],"study":[22,200],"validates":[23],"the":[24,68,92,96,101,124,128,135,138,143,147,154,165,170,204,216,230],"potential":[26],"premature":[28,148],"and":[29,46,84,86,158,183,193,220],"mature":[30,69,112],"CS":[31,70,149,211,233],"extracts":[32,88,129],"HepG2":[34,75,115,213],"cells":[35,76,105,117,162,214],"with":[36,169,175],"a":[37],"focus":[38],"on":[39,134],"previously":[40,186],"identified":[41,187],"adenosine":[42,57],"receptor":[43],"A1":[44],"(ADORA1)":[45],"gamma-aminobutyric":[47],"acid":[48,181,185],"type":[49],"B":[50,182],"subunit":[51],"1":[52],"(GABBR1)":[53],"genes":[54,140],"cyclic":[56],"monophosphate":[58],"pathway.":[59],"At":[60],"75":[61],"\u2013":[62],"100":[63],"\u00b5g/mL,":[64],"ethanolic":[65],"extract":[66,110,145,171],"(75":[71],"\u00b5g/mL)":[72,151],"showed":[73],"enhanced":[74],"viability":[77],"than":[78],"normal":[79,102],"(untreated),":[80],"positive":[81],"controls":[82],"(insulin":[83],"metformin)":[85],"other":[87],"treated":[89],"cells.":[90],"In":[91],"glucose":[93,224],"uptake":[94,98,225],"assay,":[95],"highest":[97],"relative":[99,163],"to":[100,164],"(7.38":[103],"mmol/L)":[104],"was":[106],"noted":[107],"aqueous":[109,144],"CS-treated":[113],"insulin-resistant":[114],"(IR-HepG2)":[116],"(4.13":[118],"mmol/L).":[119],"A":[120],"further":[121],"probe":[122],"into":[123],"modulatory":[125],"effect":[126],"at":[130],"their":[131],"optimal":[132],"doses":[133],"expression":[136,155],"profiled":[139],"revealed":[141],"that":[142],"(100":[150],"proficiently":[152],"downregulated":[153],"ADORA1":[157,192,219],"GABBR1":[159,221],"IR-HepG2":[161],"controls.":[166],"These":[167],"observations":[168],"could":[172],"be":[173],"associated":[174],"its":[176],"high":[177],"abundance":[178],"gallicynoic":[180],"tetradecanedioc":[184],"as":[188,234],"effective":[189],"modulators":[190],"GABBR1,":[194],"respectively.":[195],"The":[196],"findings":[197],"not":[201],"only":[202],"suggest":[203],"possible":[205],"action":[209],"through":[215],"modulation":[217],"for":[222],"increased":[223],"but":[226],"will":[227],"contribute":[228],"towards":[229],"development":[231],"an":[235],"agent.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}