{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7082005729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130260","title":"The Roles of External Actors in Mediating the Israel-Hamas Conflict","display_name":"The Roles of External Actors in Mediating the Israel-Hamas Conflict","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7082005729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130260"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17130260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130260","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Okome, Eseoghene Gift","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Okome, Eseoghene Gift","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020430266","display_name":"Abraham Ejogba Orhero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-554X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-554X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prof. Orhero, A.E","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45418512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.5981000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.5981000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11203","display_name":"Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies","score":0.23669999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.05249999836087227,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaza-war","display_name":"Gaza war","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-mediation","display_name":"conflict mediation","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-actors","display_name":"external actors","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peacebuilding","display_name":"peacebuilding","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceasefire-agreement","display_name":"ceasefire agreement","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanitarian-aid","display_name":"humanitarian aid","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-nations","display_name":"United Nations","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egypt","display_name":"Egypt","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qatar","display_name":"Qatar","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetric-warfare","display_name":"asymmetric warfare","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-causes-of-conflict","display_name":"structural causes of conflict","score":0.7699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.684499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781395907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632158","display_name":"Peacebuilding","level":2,"score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.6248999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780862976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574593","display_name":"Conflict transformation","level":2,"score":0.4900999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140876","display_name":"Party-directed mediation","level":4,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60090325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834110","display_name":"Transformative mediation","level":4,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779683958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640893","display_name":"Conflict management","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94617000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639854","display_name":"Qualitative comparative analysis","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21711469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194317","display_name":"Conflict resolution","level":2,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865909","display_name":"Development aid","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327018","display_name":"Interrogation","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992236994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15820293","display_name":"International conflict","level":3,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17130260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17130261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17130260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17130260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4881184697151184}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,52,73,154],"critically":[2],"examined":[3],"the":[4,11,32,36,44,46,72,83,87,105,125,130,143,153,156,173,177,199,203],"roles":[5,93],"of":[6,40,117,124,132,147,176,202],"external":[7,41,77,148,182],"actors":[8,78,183],"in":[9,43,94,205],"mediating":[10],"Israel\u2013Hamas":[12],"conflict,":[13,45],"focusing":[14],"on":[15,31,56,193,197],"how":[16],"these":[17],"international":[18,208],"stakeholders":[19],"have":[20,90,110],"influenced":[21],"peacebuilding":[22],"efforts":[23],"amid":[24],"recurring":[25],"violence":[26],"and":[27,38,54,66,86,100,119,135,145,166,187,210],"deep-rooted":[28],"mistrust.":[29],"Anchored":[30],"objective":[33],"to":[34,141],"assess":[35],"strategies":[37],"challenges":[39],"mediation":[42,137,169],"research":[47],"employed":[48],"a":[49,133,159,162,185],"qualitative":[50],"case":[51],"design":[53],"relied":[55],"secondary":[57],"sources":[58],"such":[59,79],"as":[60,80],"reports,":[61],"scholarly":[62],"articles,":[63],"policy":[64],"documents,":[65],"diplomatic":[67],"communiqu\u00e9s.":[68],"Through":[69],"thematic":[70],"analysis,":[71],"uncovered":[74],"that":[75,129,171,181],"while":[76],"Egypt,":[81],"Qatar,":[82],"United":[84,88],"Nations,":[85],"States":[89],"played":[91],"pivotal":[92],"facilitating":[95],"ceasefires,":[96],"providing":[97],"humanitarian":[98],"aid,":[99],"initiating":[101],"indirect":[102],"dialogue":[103],"between":[104],"conflicting":[106],"parties,":[107],"their":[108],"interventions":[109],"often":[111],"been":[112],"limited":[113],"by":[114],"bias,":[115],"lack":[116],"coordination,":[118],"competing":[120],"political":[121],"agendas.":[122],"One":[123],"key":[126],"findings":[127],"revealed":[128],"absence":[131],"unified":[134],"neutral":[136],"approach":[138],"has":[139],"continued":[140],"weaken":[142],"legitimacy":[144],"effectiveness":[146],"peace":[149],"efforts.":[150],"In":[151],"conclusion,":[152],"emphasizes":[155],"need":[157],"for":[158],"shift":[160],"toward":[161],"more":[163],"inclusive,":[164],"coordinated,":[165],"locally":[167],"grounded":[168],"process":[170],"recognizes":[172],"asymmetrical":[174],"nature":[175],"conflict.":[178],"It":[179],"recommends":[180],"adopt":[184],"principled":[186],"long-term":[188],"strategy":[189],"focused":[190],"not":[191],"only":[192],"short-term":[194],"ceasefires":[195],"but":[196],"addressing":[198],"structural":[200],"causes":[201],"conflict":[204],"line":[206],"with":[207],"norms":[209],"local":[211],"realities.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
