{"id":"https://openalex.org/W70736171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4758-0_2","title":"Sigma and PI Effects in Radicals","display_name":"Sigma and PI Effects in Radicals","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W70736171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4758-0_2","mag":"70736171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4758-0_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4758-0_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4758-0_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Substituent Effects in Radical Chemistry","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W634667883","display_name":"Substituent Effects in Radical Chemistry"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017203543","display_name":"Timothy Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-4659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-4659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Organische Chemie der Friedrich, Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Henkestra\u00dfe 42, D-8520, Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Organische Chemie der Friedrich, Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Henkestra\u00dfe 42, D-8520, Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017203543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05158484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10002","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Physics Studies","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10002","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Physics Studies","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12044","display_name":"Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13253","display_name":"Chemical Reactions and Mechanisms","score":0.018300000578165054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigma-bonds","display_name":"sigma bonds","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pi-bonds","display_name":"pi bonds","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radicals","display_name":"radicals","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radical-ions","display_name":"radical ions","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-row-elements","display_name":"first-row elements","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-row-elements","display_name":"second-row elements","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radical-chemistry","display_name":"radical chemistry","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77758465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306229","display_name":"Sigma bond","level":3,"score":0.8304359912872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139066938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185056","display_name":"Radical","level":2,"score":0.8208436369895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106059508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723069","display_name":"Pi bond","level":5,"score":0.7265283465385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234","display_name":"Sigma","level":2,"score":0.7030471563339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.668311357498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6305940747261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189394030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53860","display_name":"Atomic orbital","level":3,"score":0.5629847645759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781442258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46310","display_name":"Ab initio","level":2,"score":0.5558732151985168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139358910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725417","display_name":"Molecular orbital","level":3,"score":0.5466386675834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.5430556535720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53009064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167","display_name":"Pi","level":2,"score":0.5249921083450317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183971685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547605","display_name":"Ab initio quantum chemistry methods","level":3,"score":0.47562292218208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.45736321806907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88291069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7189982","display_name":"Pi interaction","level":2,"score":0.4311320185661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.42472022771835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178213299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44424","display_name":"Chemical bond","level":2,"score":0.3794102966785431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.36052578687667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155860418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863695","display_name":"Bond length","level":3,"score":0.33914846181869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2933756411075592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124600460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842809","display_name":"Bond order","level":4,"score":0.22845691442489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.20211878418922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09819978475570679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07156893610954285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115624301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901","display_name":"Crystal structure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4758-0_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4758-0_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4758-0_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Substituent Effects in Radical Chemistry","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106587972","https://openalex.org/W1973692150","https://openalex.org/W1991277966","https://openalex.org/W1992468827","https://openalex.org/W2006124604","https://openalex.org/W2006382472","https://openalex.org/W2029830859","https://openalex.org/W2064262385","https://openalex.org/W2084058005","https://openalex.org/W2094642658","https://openalex.org/W2984501823","https://openalex.org/W6666475476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2283380821","https://openalex.org/W2001752653","https://openalex.org/W2055743806","https://openalex.org/W2014789263","https://openalex.org/W2081497900","https://openalex.org/W2014493857","https://openalex.org/W2014029244","https://openalex.org/W3041213633","https://openalex.org/W7007654076","https://openalex.org/W2325600763"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}