{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7071329396","doi":null,"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes Are Most Highly Expressed in Nasal Goblet and\\nCiliated Cells within Human Airways","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes Are Most Highly Expressed in Nasal Goblet and\\nCiliated Cells within Human Airways","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7071329396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6764828","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7280877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7280877","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106723378","display_name":"Waradon Sungnak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0136-4960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0136-4960"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungnak, Waradon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108147398","display_name":"Ni Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038846106","display_name":"Christophe B\u00e9cavin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1555-3153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1555-3153"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00e9cavin, Christophe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Berg, Marijn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berg, Marijn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39116127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11754","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-tropism","display_name":"viral tropism","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ace2","display_name":"ACE2","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tmprss2","display_name":"TMPRSS2","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-entry","display_name":"viral entry","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasal-epithelium","display_name":"nasal epithelium","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goblet-cells","display_name":"goblet cells","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciliated-cells","display_name":"ciliated cells","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-epithelium","display_name":"airway epithelium","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-cell-atlas","display_name":"Human Cell Atlas","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-immunity","display_name":"innate immunity","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-genes","display_name":"antiviral genes","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-reservoir","display_name":"viral reservoir","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-transmission","display_name":"virus transmission","score":0.6290000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87568996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428754","display_name":"Respiratory epithelium","level":3,"score":0.5467000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58475186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118894","display_name":"Viral entry","level":4,"score":0.5414999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5027999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529295009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41301","display_name":"Epithelium","level":2,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994541485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral infection","level":3,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910059436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428754","display_name":"Respiratory Mucosa","level":3,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140933497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7933606","display_name":"Viral pathogenesis","level":4,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59377437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515471","display_name":"Mucous membrane of nose","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780879997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q952587","display_name":"Viral protein","level":3,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776714187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212410","display_name":"Protease","level":3,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189014844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189118","display_name":"Cell type","level":3,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105922876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423981","display_name":"Airway","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81444415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243535","display_name":"Priming (agriculture)","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779644171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13400765","display_name":"Respiratory tract","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7363","display_name":"Nose","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780727368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral disease","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179926584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207714","display_name":"Transcription (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.23399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.23389999568462372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140704245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202","display_name":"Viral replication","level":3,"score":0.23019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165864922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411391","display_name":"Regulation of gene expression","level":3,"score":0.2290000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.22789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776364838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7391779","display_name":"SNAI1","level":5,"score":0.227400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202878990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830465","display_name":"Capsid","level":3,"score":0.21879999339580536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174510640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489618","display_name":"HEK 293 cells","level":3,"score":0.2159000039100647}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6764828","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7280877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6764828","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7280877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6891693137","https://openalex.org/W3011483298","https://openalex.org/W3088973123","https://openalex.org/W3023976745","https://openalex.org/W3134181354","https://openalex.org/W3127512909","https://openalex.org/W3048152115","https://openalex.org/W3209886138","https://openalex.org/W3043649968","https://openalex.org/W3131140950"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99],"SARS-CoV-2":[1,206],"coronavirus,":[2],"the":[3,20,24,30,50,61,77,90,96,106,120,135,147,156,169,172,184],"etiologic":[4],"agent":[5],"responsible":[6],"for":[7,193,215,222],"COVID-19\\ncoronavirus":[8],"disease,":[9],"is":[10],"a":[11,177,190],"global":[12],"threat.":[13],"To":[14],"better":[15],"understand":[16],"viral":[17,31,39,103,152,162,201,217],"tropism,":[18],"we\\nassessed":[19],"RNA":[21],"expression":[22,93,101,127],"of":[23,73,94,102,119,149,158,168,171,183,186,205],"coronavirus":[25],"receptor,":[26],"ACE2,\\nas":[27],"well":[28,59],"as":[29,58,60,176,199,212],"S":[32],"protein":[33],"priming":[34],"protease":[35,62],"TMPRSS2":[36],"thought\\nto":[37],"govern":[38],"entry":[40],"in":[41,66,76,134,161,209],"single-cell":[42],"RNA-sequencing":[43],"(scRNA-seq)":[44],"datasets":[45],"from\\nhealthy":[46],"individuals":[47],"generated":[48],"by":[49],"Human":[51,173],"Cell":[52,174],"Atlas":[53,175],"consortium.":[54],"We":[55],"found":[56],"that\\nACE2,":[57],"TMPRSS2,":[63],"are\\ndifferentially":[64],"expressed":[65],"respiratory":[67,78],"and":[68,87,151,154,196,219,224],"gut":[69],"epithelial":[70,74,97,126],"cells.":[71],"In-depth\\nanalysis":[72],"cells":[75,86,198],"tree":[79],"reveals":[80],"that":[81,117],"nasal\\nepithelial":[82],"cells,":[83],"specifically":[84],"goblet/secretory":[85],"ciliated":[88,197],"cells,\\ndisplay":[89],"highest":[91],"ACE2":[92],"all":[95],"cells\\nanalyzed.":[98],"skewed":[100],"receptors/entry-associated":[104],"proteins\\ntowards":[105],"upper":[107],"airway":[108,125],"may":[109],"be":[110],"correlated":[111],"with":[112,140],"enhanced":[113],"transmissivity.\\nFinally,":[114],"we":[115],"showed":[116],"many":[118],"top":[121],"genes":[122],"associated":[123],"with\\nACE2":[124],"are":[128],"innate\\nimmune-associated,":[129],"antiviral":[130],"genes,":[131],"highly":[132],"enriched":[133],"nasal":[136,159,194],"epithelial\\ncells.":[137],"This":[138],"association":[139],"immune":[141],"pathways":[142],"might":[143],"have":[144],"clinical":[145],"implications\\nfor":[146],"course":[148],"infection":[150],"pathology,":[153],"highlights":[155],"specific\\nsignificance":[157],"epithelia":[160],"infection.":[163,207],"Our":[164],"findings":[165],"underscore":[166],"the\\nimportance":[167],"availability":[170],"reference":[178],"dataset.\\nIn":[179],"this":[180],"instance,":[181],"analysis":[182],"compendium":[185],"data":[187],"points":[188],"to":[189],"particularly\\nrelevant":[191],"role":[192],"goblet":[195],"early":[200],"targets":[202],"and\\npotential":[203],"reservoirs":[204],"This,":[208],"turn,":[210],"serves":[211],"a\\nbiological":[213],"framework":[214],"dissecting":[216],"transmission":[218],"developing":[220],"clinical\\nstrategies":[221],"prevention":[223],"therapy.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}