{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7067945143","doi":null,"title":"Monitoring and Assessing Groundwater Nitrate Impacts across Scales in Response to an Agricultural BMP: Evaluating Data Worth of Water and Nitrogen Mass Balance, Vadose Zone Monitoring, and Groundwater Monitoring","display_name":"Monitoring and Assessing Groundwater Nitrate Impacts across Scales in Response to an Agricultural BMP: Evaluating Data Worth of Water and Nitrogen Mass Balance, Vadose Zone Monitoring, and Groundwater Monitoring","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7067945143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt77f3h35m","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77f3h35m","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt77f3h35m/qt77f3h35m.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt77f3h35m/qt77f3h35m.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jordan, Spencer Halloran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jordan, Spencer Halloran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11311","display_name":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11311","display_name":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.024800000712275505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10894","display_name":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-nitrate-pollution","display_name":"groundwater nitrate contamination","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate-leaching","display_name":"nitrate leaching","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vadose-zone-modeling","display_name":"vadose zone modeling","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-use-efficiency","display_name":"nitrogen use efficiency","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/almond-orchards","display_name":"almond orchards","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-valley","display_name":"Central Valley","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-balance","display_name":"water balance","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evapotranspiration","display_name":"evapotranspiration","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-hydraulic-parameters","display_name":"soil hydraulic parameters","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solute-travel-time","display_name":"solute travel time","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monitoring-wells","display_name":"observation wells","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-mass-balance","display_name":"nitrogen mass balance","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-heterogeneity","display_name":"soil heterogeneity","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-replanting","display_name":"tree replanting","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-best-management-practices","display_name":"agricultural best management practices","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35588792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479708","display_name":"Vadose zone","level":3,"score":0.8866000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.8325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.7337999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90982505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938886","display_name":"Leaching (pedology)","level":3,"score":0.6090999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.5827000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.4936000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66465714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148989","display_name":"Water balance","level":2,"score":0.4772000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191440113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849163","display_name":"DNS root zone","level":3,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176650113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370689","display_name":"Groundwater model","level":5,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85871539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734533","display_name":"Lysimeter","level":3,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118416809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43483","display_name":"Water well","level":3,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778192778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20113712","display_name":"Groundwater pollution","level":4,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174091901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670986","display_name":"Groundwater recharge","level":4,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156634047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878214","display_name":"Soil horizon","level":3,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131227075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611028","display_name":"Groundwater flow","level":4,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100187453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632182","display_name":"Subsurface flow","level":3,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776415945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1978830","display_name":"Lessivage","level":4,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102579867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914346","display_name":"Pore water pressure","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39769621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3342272","display_name":"Water table","level":3,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988574769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2259545","display_name":"Water flow","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt77f3h35m","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77f3h35m","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt77f3h35m/qt77f3h35m.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt77f3h35m","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/77f3h35m","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt77f3h35m/qt77f3h35m.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":1.0,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7067945143.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7067945143.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W581432630","https://openalex.org/W1264495630","https://openalex.org/W1657726016","https://openalex.org/W1707203120","https://openalex.org/W1753077720","https://openalex.org/W1881425009","https://openalex.org/W1932401768","https://openalex.org/W1966541741","https://openalex.org/W1967473906","https://openalex.org/W1980934340","https://openalex.org/W1984280027","https://openalex.org/W1993197143","https://openalex.org/W1995047010","https://openalex.org/W1997853113","https://openalex.org/W1999951775","https://openalex.org/W2012479358","https://openalex.org/W2018030410","https://openalex.org/W2019045964","https://openalex.org/W2034495590","https://openalex.org/W2039955670","https://openalex.org/W2042003522","https://openalex.org/W2047004516","https://openalex.org/W2048965724","https://openalex.org/W2060614459","https://openalex.org/W2065302238","https://openalex.org/W2071286728","https://openalex.org/W2083484654","https://openalex.org/W2088765131","https://openalex.org/W2091310112","https://openalex.org/W2101589741","https://openalex.org/W2105141154","https://openalex.org/W2111444417","https://openalex.org/W2114263942","https://openalex.org/W2118347652","https://openalex.org/W2160804315","https://openalex.org/W2162604832","https://openalex.org/W2185475339","https://openalex.org/W2282246245","https://openalex.org/W2467260383","https://openalex.org/W2548086545","https://openalex.org/W2555765193","https://openalex.org/W2569457803","https://openalex.org/W2579739919","https://openalex.org/W2611671727","https://openalex.org/W2621614687","https://openalex.org/W2763481723","https://openalex.org/W2784082099","https://openalex.org/W2794068821","https://openalex.org/W2796012166","https://openalex.org/W2801753650","https://openalex.org/W2808916139","https://openalex.org/W2897617064","https://openalex.org/W2901410867","https://openalex.org/W2952753433","https://openalex.org/W2967045786","https://openalex.org/W2977246947","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3006639074","https://openalex.org/W3011000129","https://openalex.org/W3011088604","https://openalex.org/W3028915721","https://openalex.org/W3044348348","https://openalex.org/W3118473266","https://openalex.org/W3120889590","https://openalex.org/W3136849647","https://openalex.org/W3137120977","https://openalex.org/W3160983075","https://openalex.org/W3191227627","https://openalex.org/W3208469531","https://openalex.org/W4200196702","https://openalex.org/W4200607236","https://openalex.org/W4205195195","https://openalex.org/W4206026518","https://openalex.org/W4210698539","https://openalex.org/W4210956868","https://openalex.org/W4232702889","https://openalex.org/W4281664253","https://openalex.org/W4283784108","https://openalex.org/W4297473690","https://openalex.org/W4320918228","https://openalex.org/W4387873301","https://openalex.org/W4389898501","https://openalex.org/W4390013381","https://openalex.org/W4390880545","https://openalex.org/W4396535909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7030092969","https://openalex.org/W2736371900","https://openalex.org/W2548086545","https://openalex.org/W2413360889","https://openalex.org/W2344098902","https://openalex.org/W2589867806","https://openalex.org/W2614777124","https://openalex.org/W4250011947","https://openalex.org/W7070425712","https://openalex.org/W7212431195"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nitrate":[0],"contamination":[1],"in":[2,23,43,64,70,126,147,164,171,182,191,231,243,249],"groundwater,":[3],"driven":[4,168],"by":[5,111,169,186,224],"nitrogen":[6,12],"intensive":[7],"cropping":[8],"practices":[9],"and":[10,80,98,117,156,176,193,247],"low":[11],"use":[13],"efficiency":[14],"(NUE),":[15],"poses":[16],"a":[17,33,46,65,74,84,139,235],"significant":[18],"risk":[19],"to":[20,38,45,89,162,226,239],"water":[21,103,166],"quality":[22],"California's":[24],"Central":[25],"Valley.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"presents":[29],"the":[30,148,165,172,217,244],"calibration":[31],"of":[32,52,115,142,174,180,195],"vadose":[34,81,245],"zone":[35,82,246],"crop":[36],"model":[37,109],"simulate":[39],"nitrate":[40],"(NO3-N)":[41],"leaching":[42,154,222],"response":[44],"best":[47],"management":[48],"practice":[49],"(BMP),":[50],"consisting":[51],"High":[53],"Frequency":[54],"Low":[55],"Concentration":[56],"(HFLC)":[57],"fertilizer":[58],"applications,":[59],"aimed":[60],"at":[61],"improving":[62],"NUE":[63,192],"57-ha":[66],"commercial":[67],"almond":[68],"orchard":[69],"Modesto,":[71],"CA.":[72],"Using":[73],"comprehensive":[75],"dataset":[76],"from":[77,108,120,138],"landscape":[78],"monitoring":[79,144],"observations,":[83],"novel":[85],"approach":[86],"is":[87,105],"taken":[88],"optimize":[90],"soil":[91,127],"hydraulic":[92],"parameters,":[93,97],"root":[94],"solute":[95,203,241],"uptake":[96],"atmospheric":[99],"boundary":[100],"conditions.":[101],"The":[102],"balance":[104,167],"calibrated":[106],"separately":[107],"parameters":[110],"comparing":[112],"ensemble":[113],"estimates":[114],"precipitation":[116],"evapotranspiration":[118],"(ET)":[119],"multiple":[121],"sources":[122],"with":[123,228],"measured":[124,137,211],"changes":[125,163],"moisture":[128],"storage.":[129],"Simulations":[130,215],"are":[131,159],"validated":[132],"using":[133],"groundwater":[134,183,213,232],"NO3-N":[135,181,212,221],"concentrations":[136,155,223],"dense":[140],"network":[141],"20":[143],"wells":[145],"installed":[146],"orchard.":[149],"Results":[150],"indicate":[151],"that":[152],"simulated":[153],"travel":[157,204],"times":[158,205],"most":[160],"sensitive":[161],"uncertainties":[170],"measurement":[173],"ET":[175],"precipitation.":[177],"Observed":[178],"heterogeneity":[179,200],"was":[184],"explained":[185],"sub-orchard":[187],"scale":[188],"spatial":[189],"variability":[190],"cycles":[194],"orchard-block":[196],"tree":[197],"replantings.":[198],"Soil-type":[199],"affected":[201],"modeled":[202],"but":[206],"did":[207],"not":[208],"significantly":[209],"affect":[210],"concentrations.":[214],"indicated":[216],"BMP":[218],"can":[219],"reduce":[220],"up":[225],"40%,":[227],"observable":[229],"benefits":[230],"expected":[233],"over":[234],"10-year":[236],"period":[237],"due":[238],"slow":[240],"movement":[242],"mixing":[248],"groundwater.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}