{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7065828899","doi":null,"title":"Examining the relationship between social position, spatial learning, and memory in adult male and female rats.","display_name":"Examining the relationship between social position, spatial learning, and memory in adult male and female rats.","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7065828899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/19836","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/19836","pdf_url":"https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstreams/7b23fce3-a592-43b1-a7a9-e90f3ace03dc/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstreams/7b23fce3-a592-43b1-a7a9-e90f3ace03dc/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115749756","display_name":"Charithe J. T. Bonifacio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bonifacio, Charithe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Master of Science in Public Health Sciences Waterloo , Ontario , Canada , 2023"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master of Science in Public Health Sciences Waterloo , Ontario , Canada , 2023","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115749756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.7935000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.7935000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10529","display_name":"Stress Responses and Cortisol","score":0.15410000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2802","display_name":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-status","display_name":"social status","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-hierarchy","display_name":"social hierarchy","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-stress","display_name":"social stress","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-learning","display_name":"spatial learning","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-memory","display_name":"spatial memory","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reversal-learning","display_name":"reversal learning","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-flexibility","display_name":"behavioral flexibility","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tube-test","display_name":"tube test","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morris-water-maze","display_name":"Morris water maze","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adrenal-gland","display_name":"adrenal gland","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymus","display_name":"thymus","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rats","display_name":"rats","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.661899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5120999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125370674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480","display_name":"Stressor","level":2,"score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16634123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551393","display_name":"Social stress","level":2,"score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44752575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417562","display_name":"Morris water navigation task","level":3,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994053276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841628","display_name":"Social hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1807498","display_name":"Social position","level":3,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142806620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189970","display_name":"Social status","level":2,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25148115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304904","display_name":"Social competence","level":3,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180872759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874405","display_name":"Social group","level":2,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203820380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438403","display_name":"Dominance hierarchy","level":3,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66102695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141208","display_name":"Cognitive flexibility","level":3,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778662690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3125339","display_name":"Spatial ability","level":3,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110379092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571836","display_name":"Social environment","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777371692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178611","display_name":"Spatial cognition","level":3,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992926266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609370","display_name":"Adult male","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86658582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432778","display_name":"Social cognition","level":3,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985665543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560550","display_name":"Spatial learning","level":3,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1516282","display_name":"Juvenile","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43729271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560550","display_name":"Spatial memory","level":4,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5570062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3919817","display_name":"Behavioural sciences","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/19836","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/19836","pdf_url":"https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstreams/7b23fce3-a592-43b1-a7a9-e90f3ace03dc/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/19836","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/19836","pdf_url":"https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstreams/7b23fce3-a592-43b1-a7a9-e90f3ace03dc/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7065828899.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7065828899.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2943703","https://openalex.org/W1596426387","https://openalex.org/W1659070656","https://openalex.org/W1920541915","https://openalex.org/W1964189385","https://openalex.org/W1967256237","https://openalex.org/W1969606502","https://openalex.org/W1972685191","https://openalex.org/W1975189679","https://openalex.org/W1980871847","https://openalex.org/W1981243958","https://openalex.org/W1982715118","https://openalex.org/W1987375729","https://openalex.org/W1987781393","https://openalex.org/W1988020052","https://openalex.org/W1991410461","https://openalex.org/W1992331637","https://openalex.org/W1994096357","https://openalex.org/W1994580609","https://openalex.org/W1996396637","https://openalex.org/W1996627883","https://openalex.org/W1997195741","https://openalex.org/W1999133875","https://openalex.org/W2000481908","https://openalex.org/W2002456558","https://openalex.org/W2002623346","https://openalex.org/W2003185538","https://openalex.org/W2006241383","https://openalex.org/W2006302371","https://openalex.org/W2011590903","https://openalex.org/W2014548509","https://openalex.org/W2015824536","https://openalex.org/W2019243277","https://openalex.org/W2020029863","https://openalex.org/W2022098142","https://openalex.org/W2026854671","https://openalex.org/W2028003540","https://openalex.org/W2034470187","https://openalex.org/W2034694738","https://openalex.org/W2043782808","https://openalex.org/W2047272578","https://openalex.org/W2052096433","https://openalex.org/W2052515926","https://openalex.org/W2052610531","https://openalex.org/W2054692302","https://openalex.org/W2056702525","https://openalex.org/W2057317784","https://openalex.org/W2057631986","https://openalex.org/W2065380220","https://openalex.org/W2069417933","https://openalex.org/W2071379730","https://openalex.org/W2072500831","https://openalex.org/W2073292853","https://openalex.org/W2074026676","https://openalex.org/W2075021827","https://openalex.org/W2075312106","https://openalex.org/W2075578970","https://openalex.org/W2077208509","https://openalex.org/W2078090509","https://openalex.org/W2078267801","https://openalex.org/W2078445348","https://openalex.org/W2078880311","https://openalex.org/W2086252264","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2088632089","https://openalex.org/W2094125301","https://openalex.org/W2096244062","https://openalex.org/W2097940171","https://openalex.org/W2104018747","https://openalex.org/W2112236144","https://openalex.org/W2114162219","https://openalex.org/W2115055652","https://openalex.org/W2115108310","https://openalex.org/W2116707460","https://openalex.org/W2120278239","https://openalex.org/W2120858169","https://openalex.org/W2130481778","https://openalex.org/W2136962968","https://openalex.org/W2137338071","https://openalex.org/W2144101679","https://openalex.org/W2150734066","https://openalex.org/W2155442704","https://openalex.org/W2155781885","https://openalex.org/W2156362071","https://openalex.org/W2165558339","https://openalex.org/W2165637766","https://openalex.org/W2165992199","https://openalex.org/W2169473035","https://openalex.org/W2169778577","https://openalex.org/W2184917663","https://openalex.org/W2324262272","https://openalex.org/W2413515606","https://openalex.org/W2515820045","https://openalex.org/W2516543526","https://openalex.org/W2535153710","https://openalex.org/W2538922124","https://openalex.org/W2581647108","https://openalex.org/W2745966167","https://openalex.org/W2759595435","https://openalex.org/W2765123421","https://openalex.org/W2782639658","https://openalex.org/W2895358400","https://openalex.org/W2895687586","https://openalex.org/W2898018470","https://openalex.org/W2914519492","https://openalex.org/W2929935816","https://openalex.org/W2950454724","https://openalex.org/W2950846426","https://openalex.org/W2961842519","https://openalex.org/W2971776511","https://openalex.org/W2974262204","https://openalex.org/W3006327157","https://openalex.org/W3016048142","https://openalex.org/W3016138830","https://openalex.org/W3081259848","https://openalex.org/W3092239781","https://openalex.org/W3093244323","https://openalex.org/W3096417670","https://openalex.org/W3101659541","https://openalex.org/W3136399627","https://openalex.org/W3157431962","https://openalex.org/W3158441044","https://openalex.org/W3181639217","https://openalex.org/W3183553678","https://openalex.org/W4206143899","https://openalex.org/W4206711483","https://openalex.org/W4206731553","https://openalex.org/W4246364355","https://openalex.org/W4313561537","https://openalex.org/W4362722260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195019755","https://openalex.org/W1964713099","https://openalex.org/W2900507785","https://openalex.org/W45848735","https://openalex.org/W4388742057","https://openalex.org/W2786538625","https://openalex.org/W1514282507","https://openalex.org/W7880725","https://openalex.org/W1780253298","https://openalex.org/W1996847799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decades":[0],"of":[1,9,36,61,128,173,208,222,229,246,324],"neuroscience":[2],"research":[3,381],"has":[4,45,51],"established":[5],"the":[6,58,86,110,126,131,170,199,220,223,227,341,372,403],"modulating":[7],"role":[8,127],"stress":[10,40,374,408],"in":[11,103,130,278,292,296,306,340],"cognitive":[12,92,256],"function,":[13],"such":[14,38,360],"as":[15,39,258,361],"learning":[16,120,193,262,329],"and":[17,50,121,123,138,143,202,234,239,263,283,286,295,300,308,330,346,366,388,413],"memory,":[18,122],"namely":[19],"from":[20,33,42,57,375,406],"severe":[21],"stressors":[22],"that":[23,252,318],"invoke":[24],"fear":[25],"or":[26,153,364],"physical":[27],"stress.":[28],"The":[29,163,244],"effect":[30],"on":[31,64,91],"cognition":[32],"other":[34],"types":[35],"stressors,":[37],"stemming":[41,56],"social":[43,70,89,101,116,134,171,224,253,271,281,304,319,344,362,373,378,391,407,420],"position,":[44,135],"yet":[46],"to":[47,84,97,168,190,218,355,370,384,401],"be":[48,106],"understood":[49],"received":[52],"limited":[53],"attention.":[54],"Evidence":[55],"graded":[59],"relationship":[60,87,132,279,342],"socioeconomic":[62],"status":[63],"health":[65],"outcomes,":[66],"suggest":[67,315],"one\u2019s":[68],"relative":[69],"position":[71,90,117,172,254,282,320,345,392],"may":[72],"have":[73],"adverse":[74],"physiological":[75],"consequences.":[76],"Therefore,":[77],"we":[78,334],"used":[79,189],"a":[80,212,322,394],"simple":[81],"rodent":[82],"model":[83],"examine":[85,114,219,371],"between":[88,133,280,343],"functions.":[93],"This":[94],"thesis":[95],"aimed":[96],"1)":[98],"determine":[99,169],"whether":[100,115],"hierarchy":[102],"rats":[104,146,327],"could":[105],"reliably":[107],"measured":[108],"using":[109],"Tube":[111,164,214],"Test,":[112],"2)":[113],"mediates":[118],"spatial":[119,136,192,259,284],"3)":[124],"assess":[125,191],"sex":[129,276,338],"learning,":[137,260],"memory.":[139],"\\nEighty":[140],"adult,":[141],"male":[142,307],"female":[144,309],"Sprague-Dawley":[145],"were":[147,242,352,367],"grouped,":[148],"with":[149],"either":[150],"4":[151,154,195],"males,":[152],"females":[155],"per":[156],"group":[157,323],"(N":[158],"=":[159],"40":[160],"/":[161],"sex).":[162],"Test":[165,215],"was":[166,188,216,266],"conducted":[167,217],"groups":[174],"over":[175,194,205],"3":[176],"days":[177,207],"by":[178,409],"examining":[179],"pairwise":[180],"dominance":[181],"interactions.":[182],"Afterwards,":[183],"Morris":[184],"Water":[185],"Maze":[186],"training":[187],"days,":[196],"memory":[197,264,331],"through":[198],"probe":[200],"test,":[201],"behavioural":[203],"flexibility":[204],"2":[206],"reversal":[209,261],"training.":[210],"Subsequently,":[211],"one-day":[213],"stability":[221],"positions.":[225,272,421],"Following":[226],"completion":[228],"behavioral":[230],"testing,":[231],"body":[232,293],"weight,":[233],"stress-sensitive":[235,297],"organ":[236],"weights":[237],"(adrenal":[238,299],"thymus":[240,301],"glands)":[241,302],"measured.":[243],"findings":[245,387],"our":[247,287,313,349,386],"study":[248,288],"provide":[249],"no":[250,275,290,316],"evidence":[251,317],"affects":[255],"function":[257],"performance":[265],"not":[267,336,353],"significantly":[268],"different":[269],"across":[270,303,419],"We":[273],"found":[274,289],"differences":[277,291,339],"performance,":[285],"weight":[294],"organs":[298],"positions":[305],"rats.":[310],"\\nIn":[311],"summary,":[312],"results":[314],"within":[321],"same-sex":[325],"housed":[326],"altered":[328],"performance.":[332],"Furthermore,":[333,396],"did":[335],"find":[337],"cognition.":[347],"In":[348],"study,":[350],"animals":[351],"subjected":[354],"known":[356],"socially":[357],"stressful":[358],"conditions":[359],"isolation":[363],"overcrowding,":[365],"left":[368],"alone":[369],"natural":[376],"occurring":[377],"stratification.":[379],"Further":[380],"is":[382],"needed":[383],"confirm":[385],"explore":[389,402],"when":[390],"becomes":[393],"stressor.":[395],"future":[397],"directions":[398],"can":[399],"aim":[400],"neurobiological":[404],"mechanisms":[405],"comparing":[410],"corticosterone":[411],"levels":[412],"target":[414],"proteins":[415],"(e.g.,":[416],"AMPA":[417],"receptors)":[418]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
