{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7065626825","doi":null,"title":"Evidence of carbon leakage due to Kyoto protocol. An econometric analysis of the effects of Kyoto protocol on imports based on the work \"Kyoto and carbon leakage: an empirical analysis of the carbon content of bilateral trade\" of Aichele and Felbermayr (2015)","display_name":"Evidence of carbon leakage due to Kyoto protocol. An econometric analysis of the effects of Kyoto protocol on imports based on the work \"Kyoto and carbon leakage: an empirical analysis of the carbon content of bilateral trade\" of Aichele and Felbermayr (2015)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7065626825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:diglib.uibk.ac.at/:6575045","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubi:1-95937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401999","display_name":"Digital Library of the University of Innsbruck (University of Innsbruck)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","host_organization_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sch\u00f6ffmann, Sabine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sch\u00f6ffmann, Sabine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.019099999219179153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-leakage","display_name":"carbon leakage","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kyoto-protocol","display_name":"Kyoto Protocol","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilateral-trade","display_name":"bilateral trade","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imports","display_name":"imports","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravity-model","display_name":"gravity model","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumental-variables","display_name":"instrumental variables","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication-study","display_name":"replication study","score":0.8029999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99743013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47359","display_name":"Kyoto Protocol","level":3,"score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736894","display_name":"Carbon leakage","level":4,"score":0.6680999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5148000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984393311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometric analysis","level":2,"score":0.49320000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3871000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83227832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1488967","display_name":"Carbon offset","level":3,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180075932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333342","display_name":"Econometric model","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100405246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8348417","display_name":"Emissions trading","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64734493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5608296","display_name":"Grey relational analysis","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:diglib.uibk.ac.at/:6575045","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubi:1-95937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401999","display_name":"Digital Library of the University of Innsbruck (University of Innsbruck)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","host_organization_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129066786","https://openalex.org/W1808260667","https://openalex.org/W2942430404","https://openalex.org/W2290973685","https://openalex.org/W2926410982","https://openalex.org/W2021328457","https://openalex.org/W6944785114","https://openalex.org/W94922774","https://openalex.org/W3122401219","https://openalex.org/W1558430412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Carbon":[0],"leakage":[1,149],"prevents":[2],"many":[3],"politicians":[4],"from":[5],"implementing":[6],"unilateral":[7],"environmental":[8],"policies.":[9],"The":[10,58,102],"success":[11],"or":[12],"failure":[13],"of":[14,34,37,51,55,65,74,82,86,106],"Kyoto":[15,39,88,162],"is":[16,130],"a":[17,62,71,157],"famous":[18],"topic":[19],"when":[20,156,169],"discussing":[21],"about":[22,154],"this":[23],"issue.":[24],"Aichele":[25,66,107],"and":[26,45,67,70,95,108,115,133,164],"Felbermayr":[27,109],"(2015)":[28],"undertook":[29],"the":[30,35,38,52,80,83,92,97,161,170],"first":[31],"ex-post":[32],"analysis":[33,50],"effects":[36],"Protocol":[40,163],"in":[41],"their":[42,75],"work":[43],"\u201cKyoto":[44],"carbon":[46,53,148],"leakage:":[47],"An":[48],"empirical":[49],"content":[54],"bilateral":[56],"trade\u201d.":[57],"present":[59],"study":[60],"provides":[61],"replication":[63],"exercise":[64],"Felbermayr\u2019s":[68],"results":[69,114],"closer":[72],"inspection":[73],"used":[76,98,103],"approaches:":[77],"We":[78,123],"restructure":[79],"setting":[81],"treatment":[84],"variable":[85,100],"different":[87,118],"commitment":[89],"status,":[90],"adapt":[91],"gravity":[93],"model":[94],"extend":[96],"instrumental":[99],"design.":[101],"calculation":[104],"methods":[105],"are":[110],"compared":[111],"with":[112],"our":[113],"explanations":[116],"for":[117],"outcomes":[119],"can":[120],"be":[121],"found.":[122],"focus":[124],"on":[125],"imports":[126],"only,":[127],"since":[128],"data":[129,144],"easier":[131],"measured":[132],"more":[134,140],"accurately":[135],"provided,":[136],"therefore":[137],"we":[138],"expect":[139],"reliable":[141],"results.":[142],"Our":[143],"shows":[145],"evidence":[146],"that":[147],"occurs.":[150],"Imports":[151],"decrease":[152],"by":[153,166],"8%":[155],"producing":[158],"country":[159,172],"ratifies":[160],"increase":[165],"approximately":[167],"5.6%":[168],"consuming":[171],"ratifies.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T06:18:51.028212","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
