{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7065006103","doi":null,"title":"Delving into the uncharted territories of Word Sense Disambiguation","display_name":"Delving into the uncharted territories of Word Sense Disambiguation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7065006103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1509442","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1509442","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1509442","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1509442","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037855689","display_name":"Marco Maru","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"MARU, MARCO","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037855689"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-sense-disambiguation","display_name":"word sense disambiguation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-ambiguity","display_name":"lexical ambiguity","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-analysis","display_name":"error analysis","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"knowledge base","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-definitions","display_name":"contextual definitions","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.3100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6748999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6365000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.5796999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5755000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5737000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51646954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48522","display_name":"Word-sense disambiguation","level":3,"score":0.5275999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4945000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44572571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448970","display_name":"SemEval","level":3,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332880","display_name":"Common sense","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70777604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257885","display_name":"Word order","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1509442","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1509442","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1509442","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1509442","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1509442","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1509442","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G911423695","display_name":"Multilingual, Open-text Unified Syntax-independent SEmantics","funder_award_id":"726487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7065006103.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7065006103.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798362442","https://openalex.org/W2889801236","https://openalex.org/W2912521296","https://openalex.org/W2936695845","https://openalex.org/W2948223045","https://openalex.org/W2974300509","https://openalex.org/W2977766602","https://openalex.org/W2982399380","https://openalex.org/W3030163527","https://openalex.org/W3041148953","https://openalex.org/W3100501376","https://openalex.org/W3104492344","https://openalex.org/W3137177596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2436001372","https://openalex.org/W4377081223","https://openalex.org/W91190427","https://openalex.org/W2022334348","https://openalex.org/W2790903008","https://openalex.org/W4308312678","https://openalex.org/W1193292417","https://openalex.org/W2740782137","https://openalex.org/W2544600442","https://openalex.org/W7010241799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"automatic":[1,213],"disambiguation":[2,400],"of":[3,17,60,85,96,130,134,159,200,209,212,218,237,247,265,308,310,323,331,343,347,397,414,434],"word":[4,348],"senses,":[5],"i.e.":[6],"Word":[7,146,239,351,427],"Sense":[8,147,240,352,428],"Disambiguation,":[9,353,429],"is":[10,149,166],"a":[11,32,119,123,205,254,411,435],"long-standing":[12],"task":[13,54,276],"in":[14,58,68,107,122,140,197,220,290,305,350,457],"the":[15,49,53,83,94,116,131,141,157,160,171,189,210,235,238,262,275,284,288,296,320,329,338,341,376,387,391,395,415,458],"field":[16,117],"Natural":[18],"Language":[19],"Processing;":[20],"an":[21,86,357],"AI-complete":[22],"problem":[23],"that":[24,52,82,102,145],"took":[25],"its":[26],"first":[27],"steps":[28],"more":[29,299,301],"than":[30,453],"half":[31],"century":[33],"ago,":[34],"and":[35,98,137,169,195,227,244,300,371,430,443],"which,":[36],"to":[37,109,118,154,182,191,232,234,259,270,277,295,364,389,440],"date,":[38],"has":[39,63],"apparently":[40],"attained":[41],"human-like":[42],"performances":[43,113,450],"on":[44,326,360,401,423],"standard":[45],"evaluation":[46,437],"benchmarks.":[47],"Unfortunately,":[48],"steady":[50],"evolution":[51],"experienced":[55],"over":[56],"time":[57],"terms":[59],"sheer":[61],"performance":[62,291],"not":[64],"been":[65],"followed":[66],"hand":[67,69],"by":[70,75,188,283,337,379,386,432,447],"adequate":[71],"theoretical":[72],"support,":[73],"nor":[74],"careful":[76],"error":[77],"analysis.":[78],"Furthermore,":[79],"we":[80,143,202,223,315,354,407],"believe":[81],"lack":[84],"exhaustive":[87],"bird\u2019s":[88],"eye":[89],"view":[90],"which":[91,258],"accounts":[92],"for":[93,152,174,274,298,319,368,426],"sort":[95],"high-end":[97],"unrealistic":[99,302],"computational":[100,303],"architectures":[101,304],"systems":[103,179,421],"will":[104,252],"soon":[105],"need":[106],"order":[108],"further":[110],"refine":[111],"their":[112,404],"could":[114],"lead":[115],"dead":[120],"angle":[121],"few":[124,206],"years.":[125],"In":[126],"essence,":[127],"taking":[128],"advantage":[129],"current":[132,177,263,419,459],"moment":[133],"great":[135],"accomplishments":[136],"renewed":[138],"interest":[139],"task,":[142],"argue":[144],"Disambiguation":[148,241],"mature":[150],"enough":[151],"researchers":[153],"really":[155,180],"observe":[156,261],"extent":[158],"results":[161],"hitherto":[162],"obtained,":[163],"evaluate":[164],"what":[165],"actually":[167],"missing,":[168],"answer":[170],"much":[172],"sought":[173],"question:":[175],"\u201care":[176],"state-of-the-art":[178,420],"able":[181],"effectively":[183],"solve":[184],"lexical":[185],"ambiguity?\u201d":[186],"Driven":[187],"desire":[190,388],"become":[192],"both":[193],"architects":[194],"participants":[196],"this":[198,216,221],"period":[199],"pondering,":[201],"have":[203],"identified":[204],"macro-areas":[207],"representatives":[208],"challenges":[211],"disambiguation.":[214],"From":[215],"point":[217],"view,":[219],"thesis,":[222],"propose":[224],"experimental":[225],"solutions":[226],"empirical":[228],"tools":[229],"so":[230],"as":[231,267,269],"bring":[233],"attention":[236],"community":[242],"unusual":[243],"unexplored":[245],"points":[246],"view.":[248],"We":[249],"hope":[250],"these":[251],"represent":[253,441],"new":[255],"perspective":[256],"through":[257],"best":[260],"state":[264],"disambiguation,":[266],"well":[268],"foresee":[271],"future":[272],"paths":[273],"evolve":[278],"on.":[279],"Specifically,":[280],"1q)":[281],"prompted":[282],"growing":[285],"concern":[286],"about":[287],"rise":[289],"being":[292],"closely":[293],"linked":[294],"demand":[297],"all":[306,448],"areas":[307],"application":[309],"Deep":[311],"Learning":[312],"related":[313],"techniques,":[314],"1a)":[316],"provide":[317],"evidence":[318],"undisclosed":[321],"potential":[322],"approaches":[324,425],"based":[325,359,422],"knowledge-bases,":[327],"via":[328],"exploitation":[330],"syntagmatic":[332],"information.":[333],"Moreover,":[334],"2q)":[335],"driven":[336],"dissatisfaction":[339],"with":[340,403],"use":[342],"cognitively-inaccurate,":[344],"finite":[345],"inventories":[346],"senses":[349],"2a)":[355],"introduce":[356],"approach":[358],"Definition":[361],"Modeling":[362],"paradigms":[363],"generate":[365],"contextual":[366],"definitions":[367],"target":[369],"words":[370],"phrases,":[372],"hence":[373],"going":[374],"beyond":[375,394],"limits":[377],"set":[378],"specific":[380],"lexical-semantic":[381],"inventories.":[382],"Finally,":[383],"3q)":[384],"moved":[385],"analyze":[390],"real":[392],"implications":[393],"idea":[396],"\u201cmachines":[398],"performing":[399],"par":[402],"human":[405],"counterparts\u201d":[406],"3a)":[408],"put":[409],"forward":[410],"detailed":[412],"analysis":[413],"shared":[416,446],"errors":[417],"affecting":[418],"diverse":[424],"highlight,":[431],"means":[433],"novel":[436],"dataset":[438],"tailored":[439],"common":[442],"critical":[444],"issues":[445],"systems,":[449],"way":[451],"lower":[452],"those":[454],"usually":[455],"reported":[456],"literature.":[460]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
