{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7064814872","doi":null,"title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Laboratory Efficiency before and after Total Lab Automation in Tertiary Care Hospital Laboratory in Pakistan","display_name":"Comparative Evaluation of the Laboratory Efficiency before and after Total Lab Automation in Tertiary Care Hospital Laboratory in Pakistan","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7064814872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16f97e3e4fa047928ea3e25ca3a305d8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16f97e3e4fa047928ea3e25ca3a305d8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, Vol 62, Iss 1 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16f97e3e4fa047928ea3e25ca3a305d8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023120154","display_name":"Ghazanfar Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-5017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-5017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116838","display_name":"Shifa International Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02en8ya84","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116838"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghazanfar Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qurat ul ain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116838","display_name":"Shifa International Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02en8ya84","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116838"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qurat ul ain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Imran Nazir Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116838","display_name":"Shifa International Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02en8ya84","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116838"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Nazir Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109445732","display_name":"Naveed Asif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20755112","display_name":"Armed Forces Institute of Pathology","ror":"https://ror.org/03c24n351","country_code":"PK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20755112"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Asif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20755112"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Waqas Hanif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20755112","display_name":"Armed Forces Institute of Pathology","ror":"https://ror.org/03c24n351","country_code":"PK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20755112"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waqas Hanif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20755112"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11773","display_name":"Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-laboratory-automation","display_name":"total laboratory automation","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turnaround-time","display_name":"turnaround time","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-efficiency","display_name":"laboratory efficiency","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preanalytical-errors","display_name":"pre-analytical errors","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-workload","display_name":"laboratory workload","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-volume","display_name":"test volume","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunoassay","display_name":"immunoassay","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-workflow","display_name":"laboratory workflow","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-indicators","display_name":"performance indicators","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176553487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7855819","display_name":"Turnaround time","level":2,"score":0.9197999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.8192999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85135244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1799487","display_name":"Laboratory automation","level":3,"score":0.7542999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6791999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6116999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985179714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Work flow","level":2,"score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49540001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019060180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automated method","level":2,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019605676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886837","display_name":"Laboratory test","level":2,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983725658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705768","display_name":"Test equipment","level":2,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44519122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2296168","display_name":"Medical laboratory","level":2,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989236134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Patient care","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.2727999985218048}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16f97e3e4fa047928ea3e25ca3a305d8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16f97e3e4fa047928ea3e25ca3a305d8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, Vol 62, Iss 1 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:65f2f53b047f4e9e86e028b30b142254","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/65f2f53b047f4e9e86e028b30b142254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, Vol 62, Iss 1 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6a008fe1dd3c4df792fb1f6ffb48b910","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6a008fe1dd3c4df792fb1f6ffb48b910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, Vol 62, Iss 1, Pp 24-28 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16f97e3e4fa047928ea3e25ca3a305d8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16f97e3e4fa047928ea3e25ca3a305d8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, Vol 62, Iss 1 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7216727774","https://openalex.org/W7130398194","https://openalex.org/W3009766898","https://openalex.org/W7110015790","https://openalex.org/W2515827706","https://openalex.org/W2897284165","https://openalex.org/W1995321013","https://openalex.org/W7128297814","https://openalex.org/W4399748332","https://openalex.org/W2781115366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Advance":[1,196],"technology":[2,197],"and":[3,14,38,43,85,96,164,180],"diagnostic":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6,23,66,89,106],"disease":[7],"has":[8],"increased":[9],"workload":[10,179],"burden":[11],"on":[12,76],"laboratory":[13,199],"timely":[15],"reporting":[16],"as":[17,19],"well":[18],"reliable":[20],"results":[21],"provision":[22],"physicians":[24],"is":[25,138,148],"another":[26],"challenge":[27],"of":[28,186,188],"laboratory.Objective:":[29],"To":[30],"compare":[31],"pre-analytical":[32],"errors,":[33],"peak":[34],"volume,":[35],"flow":[36],"rate":[37],"turn":[39],"around":[40],"time":[41,177],"before":[42,95,163],"after":[44,97,154,165,184],"total":[45],"lab":[46],"automation":[47],"in":[48,92,110,151,192,198],"clinical":[49],"laboratory.Study":[50],"type,settings&":[51],"duration:A":[52],"cross-sectional":[53],"study":[54,69],"was":[55,87,104,121,129,204],"carried":[56],"out":[57],"at":[58],"Shifa":[59],"International":[60],"Hospital,":[61],"Islamabad":[62],"from":[63],"January":[64],"2018":[65],"December":[67],"2020.Methodology:Present":[68],"assesses":[70],"the":[71,77,108,155],"key":[72,189],"performance":[73],"indicators":[74],"based":[75],"Total":[78],"Lab":[79],"Automation":[80],"(TLA)":[81],"work":[82,201],"flow.":[83],"Frequency":[84],"percentage":[86],"used":[88,105],"calculate":[90],"increase":[91,150],"test":[93,107,152],"volume":[94,153],"TLA":[98,114,132,156,166],"implementation":[99,185],"while":[100,124,141],"one":[101],"way":[102],"ANOVA":[103],"difference":[109,162],"Turnaround":[111],"Time":[112],"(TAT).Results:Prior":[113],"average":[115,127,133],"turnaround":[116,176],"time(TAT)":[117],"for":[118,135,142],"routine":[119,136],"chemistry":[120,137],"4":[122],"hours":[123],"immunoassay":[125,143],"TAT":[126,134,158],"reported":[128],"6-7":[130],"hours.Post":[131],"1-2":[139],"hour":[140],"it":[144],"3-4":[145],"hours.":[146],"There":[147],"5-10%":[149],"implementation.":[157],"shows":[159],"significant":[160],"mean":[161],"installation":[167],"(pvalue=0.00).Conclusion:In":[168],"current":[169],"study,":[170],"findings":[171],"prove":[172],"that":[173],"overall":[174,178],"efficiency,":[175],"optimize":[181],"workflow":[182],"occurred":[183],"TLA.Monitoring":[187],"metrics":[190],"help":[191],"continuous":[193],"process":[194],"improvement.":[195],"makes":[200],"easier":[202],"which":[203],"previously":[205],"laborious.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
