{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7057939722","doi":null,"title":"Liberalizing air cargo services in APEC","display_name":"Liberalizing air cargo services in APEC","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7057939722","mag":"2121977324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai::17781","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17781/1/MPRA_paper_17781.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17781/1/MPRA_paper_17781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Massimo Geloso Grosso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288051870","display_name":"Organisation de Coop\u00e9ration et de D\u00e9veloppement Economiques","ror":"https://ror.org/0438wbg98","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288051870"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Geloso Grosso","raw_affiliation_strings":["(OECD)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(OECD)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288051870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135773842","display_name":"Ben Shepherd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Shepherd","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11599","display_name":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-transport-liberalization","display_name":"air transport liberalization","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apec","display_name":"APEC","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravity-model","display_name":"gravity model","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-in-manufactured-goods","display_name":"manufactured goods trade","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parts-and-components-trade","display_name":"parts and components trade","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-production-networks","display_name":"international production networks","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-policy","display_name":"trade policy","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.8565999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.7584999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.5374000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987236452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Air transport","level":2,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778788726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3569648","display_name":"Air cargo","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780967403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256330","display_name":"Bilateral trade","level":3,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103382277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282640","display_name":"General equilibrium theory","level":2,"score":0.3750999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87889798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543986","display_name":"Gravity model of trade","level":2,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140413371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572564","display_name":"Commercial policy","level":2,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780029475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781599","display_name":"Applied general equilibrium","level":3,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779017403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9640723","display_name":"Commercial aviation","level":3,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985550459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376880","display_name":"Air travel","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777770006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454302","display_name":"Open skies","level":3,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166961238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221395","display_name":"Air traffic control","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902410","display_name":"Deregulation","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779554522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6598421","display_name":"Trade in services","level":3,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.25040000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776299755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432449","display_name":"Carry (investment)","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai::17781","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17781/1/MPRA_paper_17781.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17781/1/MPRA_paper_17781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"MPRA Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pra:mprapa:17781","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17781/1/MPRA_paper_17781.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17781/1/MPRA_paper_17781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2121977324","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17781/1/mpra_paper_17781.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3149811239","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/17781.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MPRA Paper","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504390040","https://openalex.org/W1617377959","https://openalex.org/W2051903108","https://openalex.org/W2054464441","https://openalex.org/W2060822530","https://openalex.org/W2069991802","https://openalex.org/W2086045076","https://openalex.org/W2100130392","https://openalex.org/W2102911810","https://openalex.org/W2167752949","https://openalex.org/W3121792505","https://openalex.org/W3121794982","https://openalex.org/W3122164925","https://openalex.org/W3122837923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096374051","https://openalex.org/W7017117344","https://openalex.org/W427678009","https://openalex.org/W7097798726","https://openalex.org/W2059074264","https://openalex.org/W7096837797","https://openalex.org/W7095261283","https://openalex.org/W7207565410","https://openalex.org/W3121159752","https://openalex.org/W7010998350"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"aims":[2],"at":[3],"assessing":[4],"the":[5,20,25,30,35,42,109,117,122,131],"link":[6],"between":[7,93],"a":[8,126,175],"more":[9,54,80,176],"liberal":[10,55,177],"air":[11,56,76],"cargo":[12],"regime":[13],"and":[14,33,62,96,104,106,143],"increased":[15],"bilateral":[16,67,94,141],"merchandise":[17],"trade":[18,68,97],"in":[19,69,98,130,140,167],"Asia":[21],"Pacific":[22],"region,":[23],"under":[24],"auspices":[26],"of":[27,119,138,150],"APEC.":[28],"Using":[29],"gravity":[31],"model":[32],"employing":[34],"Air":[36],"Liberalisation":[37],"Index":[38],"(ALI)":[39],"developed":[40],"by":[41],"WTO":[43],"Secretariat,":[44],"this":[45],"paper":[46],"finds":[47],"strong":[48,89],"support":[49],"for":[50,81,85],"two":[51],"hypotheses.":[52],"First,":[53],"services":[57],"policies":[58],"are":[59],"positively,":[60],"significantly":[61],"robustly":[63],"associated":[64,134],"with":[65,135],"higher":[66],"merchandise.":[70],"The":[71],"results":[72],"also":[73],"show":[74],"that":[75,125],"transport":[77],"policy":[78,158,179],"matters":[79],"some":[82],"sectors":[83],"than":[84],"others.":[86],"A":[87],"particularly":[88],"relationship":[90],"is":[91,133],"found":[92,111],"liberalisation":[95],"manufactured":[99],"goods,":[100],"time":[101],"sensitive":[102,115],"products,":[103],"parts":[105,142],"components.":[107],"Considering":[108],"sector":[110],"to":[112,116,147],"be":[113],"most":[114],"degree":[118],"aviation":[120,178],"liberalisation,":[121],"estimates":[123],"imply":[124],"one":[127],"point":[128],"increase":[129,137],"ALI":[132],"an":[136],"4%":[139],"components":[144],"trade,":[145],"prior":[146],"taking":[148],"account":[149],"general":[151],"equilibrium":[152],"effects.":[153],"These":[154],"findings":[155],"have":[156],"important":[157],"implications.":[159],"In":[160],"particular,":[161],"economies":[162],"actively":[163],"seeking":[164],"greater":[165],"integration":[166],"international":[168],"production":[169],"networks":[170],"could":[171],"greatly":[172],"benefit":[173],"from":[174],"regime.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}