{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7055209735","doi":null,"title":"Consequences of Affective Polarization in The United States and Latin America","display_name":"Consequences of Affective Polarization in The United States and Latin America","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7055209735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt28f1d5xn","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28f1d5xn","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt28f1d5xn/qt28f1d5xn.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt28f1d5xn/qt28f1d5xn.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012295030","display_name":"Sara Kazemian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4942-8529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4942-8529"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kazemian, Sara","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012295030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-polarization","display_name":"affective polarization","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-polarization","display_name":"political polarization","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-identity","display_name":"class identity","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partisan-animosity","display_name":"partisan animosity","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voter-turnout","display_name":"voter turnout","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charitable-giving","display_name":"charitable giving","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-identity","display_name":"political identity","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-america","display_name":"Latin America","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.8127999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.7416999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7102000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5884000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.5383999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.5210999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779636406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1596387","display_name":"Political psychology","level":3,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98447023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540351","display_name":"Social identity theory","level":3,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776325391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917865","display_name":"Motivated reasoning","level":3,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193521449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915057","display_name":"Biology and political orientation","level":3,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180872759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874405","display_name":"Social group","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522562087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330963","display_name":"Politics of the United States","level":3,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt28f1d5xn","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28f1d5xn","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt28f1d5xn/qt28f1d5xn.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt28f1d5xn","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28f1d5xn","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt28f1d5xn/qt28f1d5xn.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6207000017166138},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5676000118255615}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7055209735.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7055209735.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904152473","https://openalex.org/W7172538107","https://openalex.org/W3097807881","https://openalex.org/W4407182769","https://openalex.org/W7097406215","https://openalex.org/W3168520892","https://openalex.org/W2137998590","https://openalex.org/W7055998500","https://openalex.org/W7043625166","https://openalex.org/W7001016718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Political":[0],"polarization":[1,45,66,164],"divides":[2],"the":[3,62,68,99,104,154,178,187,214,255,277,285,327],"mass":[4,215],"public":[5,216],"and":[6,71,112,160,181,209,223,253,272,294,307,329],"contributes":[7],"to":[8,33,42,50,119,189,324,326],"a":[9,21,25,131,169,195,291],"significant":[10,170],"amount":[11,171],"of":[12,64,106,140,162,172,257,287],"social":[13,22,30],"conflict":[14],"within":[15],"society.":[16],"Those":[17],"that":[18,36,79,114,146,213,224,236,237,265,301,311],"identify":[19],"with":[20],"group":[23,54],"(e.g.":[24],"specific":[26],"political":[27,196,221,229,268,308],"party":[28],"or":[29,322],"class)":[31],"tend":[32],"prefer":[34],"policies":[35],"safeguard":[37],"their":[38],"own":[39],"group,":[40],"relative":[41],"others.":[43],"As":[44],"worsens,":[46],"it":[47,86,312],"is":[48,87,117,185],"important":[49,228],"understand":[51],"how":[52],"multiple":[53],"attachments":[55,200],"motivate":[56],"human":[57],"behavior.":[58],"This":[59],"dissertation":[60],"examines":[61],"consequences":[63,161],"affective":[65,163],"in":[67,153,165,177,194,217,290],"United":[69,179],"States":[70,180],"Latin":[72,166],"America.":[73,167],"First,":[74],"although":[75],"previous":[76],"literature":[77,173,261,280],"documents":[78,174],"partisan":[80,91,107,120,175,191,199,258,288],"cues":[81],"prompt":[82],"inter-party":[83],"trust":[84,127],"discrimination,":[85,111],"unclear":[88],"if":[89],"these":[90,225],"effects":[92,105],"are":[93,201],"driven":[94],"by":[95],"economic":[96,306],"divisions.":[97],"In":[98],"first":[100],"chapter,":[101],"I":[102,136,157,211,234,247,283],"disentangle":[103],"discrimination":[108,134,289],"from":[109,124],"class":[110,115],"argues":[113,264],"identity":[116],"tied":[118],"identity.":[121],"The":[122],"results":[123,299],"an":[125,144,249],"original":[126,250],"game":[128],"experiment":[129,252],"indicate":[130],"large":[132],"income-based":[133],"effect.":[135],"also":[137],"find":[138],"evidence":[139],"cross-partisan":[141],"envy":[142],"--":[143],"effect":[145],"has":[147],"not":[148,303,323],"yet":[149],"been":[150],"directly":[151],"tested":[152],"literature.":[155],"Second,":[156],"examine":[158,284],"patterns":[159],"While":[168],"dislike":[176,238],"Western":[182],"Europe,":[183],"less":[184],"known":[186],"extent":[188],"which":[190],"animosity":[192],"exists":[193],"environment":[197],"where":[198],"traditionally":[202],"weak.":[203],"Following":[204,276],"recent":[205],"work":[206],"on":[207,262,281],"negative":[208],"anti-partisanship,":[210],"argue":[212],"Latin-American":[218],"do":[219],"hold":[220],"identities":[222,226,269],"have":[227],"outcomes.":[230],"Using":[231],"CSES":[232],"data,":[233],"show":[235],"for":[239,274],"mainstream":[240],"parties":[241],"increases":[242],"voter-turnout":[243],"among":[244],"nonpartisans.":[245],"Third,":[246],"use":[248,267],"conjoint":[251],"assess":[254],"limits":[256,286],"prejudice.":[259],"Current":[260],"partisanship":[263,302],"partisans":[266],"as":[270,319],"short-cuts":[271],"heuristics":[273],"decision-making.":[275],"long":[278],"standing":[279],"partisanship,":[282],"purely":[292],"apolitical":[293,316],"altruistic":[295],"domain:":[296],"charities.":[297],"My":[298],"demonstrate":[300],"only":[304],"influences":[305],"domains,":[309],"but":[310],"spillsover":[313],"into":[314],"ostensibly":[315],"domains":[317],"such":[318],"deciding":[320],"whether":[321],"donate":[325],"cancer":[328],"research":[330],"based":[331],"nonprofits.":[332]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}