{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7052590167","doi":null,"title":"Sustainable and conventional mutual funds compared as an investment for retail investors : Performance and fees","display_name":"Sustainable and conventional mutual funds compared as an investment for retail investors : Performance and fees","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7052590167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osuva.uwasa.fi:10024/18132","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/18132","pdf_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/bitstreams/d5e36f4c-0558-4b2a-a594-eb142c3ca35c/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400974","display_name":"Osuva (University of Vaasa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","host_organization_name":"University of Vaasa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"fi=Pro gradu -tutkielma|en=Master's thesis|sv=Pro gradu -avhandling|"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/bitstreams/d5e36f4c-0558-4b2a-a594-eb142c3ca35c/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lepp\u00e4nen, Aura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lepp\u00e4nen, Aura","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13146","display_name":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","score":0.6875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13146","display_name":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","score":0.6875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.24740000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.05810000002384186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-investing","display_name":"sustainable investment","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esg","display_name":"ESG","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-funds","display_name":"mutual funds","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-investors","display_name":"retail investors","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fund-performance","display_name":"fund performance","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-fees","display_name":"investment fees","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-management","display_name":"active management","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fund-flows","display_name":"fund flows","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk","display_name":"risk","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-models","display_name":"factor models","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7056000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.6951000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.6087999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206757995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665188","display_name":"Institutional investor","level":3,"score":0.5303000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.43880000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291","display_name":"Simplicity","level":2,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34375142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156684","display_name":"Fund of funds","level":3,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64589626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7142812","display_name":"Passive management","level":4,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777064782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q791974","display_name":"Mutual fund","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103144560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670999","display_name":"Investment strategy","level":3,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189188589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14864997","display_name":"Investment management","level":3,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778865806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060850","display_name":"Investment decisions","level":3,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134221152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4736525","display_name":"Alternative investment","level":3,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43089589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570807","display_name":"Global assets under management","level":4,"score":0.26100000739097595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:osuva.uwasa.fi:10024/18132","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/18132","pdf_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/bitstreams/d5e36f4c-0558-4b2a-a594-eb142c3ca35c/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400974","display_name":"Osuva (University of Vaasa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","host_organization_name":"University of Vaasa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"fi=Pro gradu -tutkielma|en=Master's thesis|sv=Pro gradu -avhandling|"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osuva.uwasa.fi:11111/10689","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/11111/10689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400974","display_name":"Osuva (University of Vaasa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","host_organization_name":"University of Vaasa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/18132","raw_type":"fi=Pro gradu -tutkielma|en=Master's thesis|sv=Pro gradu -avhandling|"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osuva.uwasa.fi:10024/18132","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/18132","pdf_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/bitstreams/d5e36f4c-0558-4b2a-a594-eb142c3ca35c/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400974","display_name":"Osuva (University of Vaasa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","host_organization_name":"University of Vaasa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"fi=Pro gradu -tutkielma|en=Master's thesis|sv=Pro gradu -avhandling|"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7052590167.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7052590167.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W928848455","https://openalex.org/W1996662715","https://openalex.org/W2008535554","https://openalex.org/W2029056003","https://openalex.org/W2072656291","https://openalex.org/W2080225935","https://openalex.org/W2083536133","https://openalex.org/W2131773668","https://openalex.org/W2136120210","https://openalex.org/W2140814689","https://openalex.org/W2158796147","https://openalex.org/W2166215547","https://openalex.org/W2585291342","https://openalex.org/W2762887254","https://openalex.org/W2769727601","https://openalex.org/W2885968553","https://openalex.org/W2945786263","https://openalex.org/W2954932491","https://openalex.org/W3033304731","https://openalex.org/W3034813019","https://openalex.org/W3036169002","https://openalex.org/W3036230125","https://openalex.org/W3110265610","https://openalex.org/W3119188950","https://openalex.org/W3121799114","https://openalex.org/W3122187992","https://openalex.org/W3122984577","https://openalex.org/W3123009431","https://openalex.org/W3125028742","https://openalex.org/W3125586325","https://openalex.org/W3125969230","https://openalex.org/W3134149360","https://openalex.org/W3134811549","https://openalex.org/W3164564246","https://openalex.org/W3179135191","https://openalex.org/W3184796158","https://openalex.org/W3197113812","https://openalex.org/W3205001132","https://openalex.org/W3207729113","https://openalex.org/W3217199807","https://openalex.org/W4210250751","https://openalex.org/W4210532436","https://openalex.org/W4211037669","https://openalex.org/W4220883341","https://openalex.org/W4232474910","https://openalex.org/W4283590511","https://openalex.org/W4283778654","https://openalex.org/W4284960673","https://openalex.org/W4306173945","https://openalex.org/W4309930300","https://openalex.org/W4309955039","https://openalex.org/W4320341366","https://openalex.org/W4321438250","https://openalex.org/W4321460276","https://openalex.org/W4377233470","https://openalex.org/W4382361563","https://openalex.org/W4383315698","https://openalex.org/W4384563363","https://openalex.org/W4385240425","https://openalex.org/W4385306762","https://openalex.org/W4385605037","https://openalex.org/W4385678886"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2604373608","https://openalex.org/W2796157987","https://openalex.org/W6991735765","https://openalex.org/W3009692355","https://openalex.org/W3119077488","https://openalex.org/W3021353787","https://openalex.org/W7065739537","https://openalex.org/W2908724501","https://openalex.org/W4291924165","https://openalex.org/W3200993807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,27,60,85,117,275,378],"thesis":[1,28,38,61,86,118,249],"explores":[2],"the":[3,49,63,66,75,101,115,120,125,142,152,169,172,179,196,201,225,229,266,283,337,345,373,381],"differences":[4,197],"in":[5,65,97,198,298,334,351,393],"sustainable":[6,183,202,232,255,269,287,314,335,364,386],"and":[7,11,111,164,188,203,211,241,281,389],"conventional":[8,192,204,273,302,369],"fund\u2019s":[9],"performance":[10,187,199,261],"fees.":[12],"Sustainable":[13],"investing":[14],"has":[15,51,354],"been":[16,52,306],"increasingly":[17,25],"popular":[18,132],"as":[19],"themes":[20],"around":[21],"ESG":[22,401],"have":[23,185,258,305,309],"become":[24],"important.":[26],"concentrates":[29,39],"on":[30,40,48,53,74,176,233,342],"actively":[31],"managed":[32],"mutual":[33,137,256,303,365],"funds.":[34,138,193],"In":[35,216],"addition,":[36,217],"this":[37,248],"funds":[41,55,184,205,257,270,304,366],"targeted":[42,56],"at":[43],"retail":[44,92,147,325],"investors.":[45,59,326],"Most":[46],"research":[47,178,280],"topic":[50],"passive":[54],"to":[57,88,104,160,223,308,313,332,368],"institutional":[58],"addresses":[62],"gap":[64],"literature.":[67],"As":[68],"there":[69,77,206],"is":[70,78,103,130,207,221,231],"no":[71],"unanimous":[72],"consensus":[73],"topic,":[76],"still":[79],"a":[80,91,131,208,212,218,295,356,391],"need":[81],"for":[82,134,200,324,385],"further":[83],"research.":[84],"aims":[87],"see":[89,105],"how":[90,106],"investor":[93,299,330,338,383,394],"can":[94,317],"utilize":[95],"sustainability":[96,110],"their":[98,272,398],"investments.":[99],"Also,":[100],"aim":[102],"portfolio":[107],"managers":[108],"use":[109],"whether":[112,228],"it":[113,151],"favors":[114],"investor.":[116],"utilizes":[119],"data":[121,156],"from":[122],"Morningstar,":[123],"using":[124],"Morningstar":[126,129,143],"Sustainability":[127,144],"Rating.":[128],"database":[133],"investments,":[135],"especially":[136],"The":[139,155,245],"simplicity":[140],"of":[141,171,227,239,247,286,347,358,376],"Rating":[145],"attracts":[146],"investors":[148],"which":[149,166,316],"makes":[150],"perfect":[153],"database.":[154],"will":[157],"be":[158],"used":[159],"show":[161],"performance,":[162],"risk,":[163],"fees":[165,190,311],"all":[167],"impact":[168],"profitability":[170],"investment":[173,322,387],"decision.":[174],"Based":[175],"previous":[177,279,352],"hypotheses":[180],"are":[181],"that":[182,268],"worse":[186],"higher":[189],"than":[191],"To":[194],"examine":[195],"1-factor":[209],"model":[210,214],"3-factor":[213],"used.":[215],"novel":[219],"approach":[220],"presented":[222],"investigate":[224],"effect":[226],"fund":[230,348],"Morningstar-provided":[234],"risk":[235],"figures,":[236],"different":[237],"categories":[238],"fees,":[240],"overall":[242],"fee":[243],"level.":[244],"findings":[246],"indicate":[250],"several":[251],"noteworthy":[252],"findings.":[253],"Firstly,":[254],"exhibited":[259],"worsened":[260],"over":[262,372],"recent":[263],"years,":[264],"proving":[265],"notion":[267],"underperform":[271],"counterparts.":[274],"finding":[276],"contradicts":[277],"some":[278],"underscores":[282,380],"evolving":[284],"environment":[285],"investing,":[288],"where":[289],"factors":[290],"beyond":[291],"financial":[292],"returns":[293],"play":[294],"significant":[296],"role":[297],"decision-making.":[300],"Moreover,":[301],"found":[307],"lower":[310],"compared":[312,367],"funds,":[315,370],"make":[318],"them":[319],"an":[320,329],"attractive":[321],"option":[323],"Thus,":[327],"if":[328],"wants":[331],"invest":[333],"options,":[336],"does":[339],"miss":[340],"out":[341],"returns.":[343],"Furthermore,":[344],"analysis":[346],"flow":[349],"dynamics":[350],"literature":[353],"revealed":[355],"trend":[357,379],"more":[359],"positive":[360],"net":[361],"flows":[362],"into":[363],"particularly":[371],"past":[374],"couple":[375],"years.":[377],"growing":[382],"appetite":[384],"opportunities":[388],"suggests":[390],"shift":[392],"preferences":[395],"towards":[396],"aligning":[397],"investments":[399],"with":[400],"considerations.":[402]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}