{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7047770743","doi":null,"title":"Inequality in individual and school level effects of primary school closures due to COVID19 \u2013 Evidence from the Netherlands","display_name":"Inequality in individual and school level effects of primary school closures due to COVID19 \u2013 Evidence from the Netherlands","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7047770743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:um:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:publications/da3cea73-6f66-4900-92ed-f73e34499e14","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/da3cea73-6f66-4900-92ed-f73e34499e14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TITLE=ESPE 2021","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042279376","display_name":"Carla Haelermans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-8427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-8427"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haelermans, Carla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042279376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58751815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13084","display_name":"Education during COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13084","display_name":"Education during COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.028300000354647636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-school-closures","display_name":"COVID-19 school closures","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-inequality","display_name":"educational inequality","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-gains","display_name":"learning gains","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-education","display_name":"primary education","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardized-test-scores","display_name":"standardized test scores","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-socioeconomic-status","display_name":"parental socioeconomic status","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-parent-families","display_name":"single-parent families","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/number-of-siblings","display_name":"number of siblings","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-education","display_name":"distance education","score":0.9509999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.7815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7494999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.645799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778783286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861360","display_name":"Educational inequality","level":3,"score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984949393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1260241","display_name":"Drop out","level":2,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10050518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975085","display_name":"Primary education","level":2,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165148211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887","display_name":"Social inequality","level":3,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.27480000257492065}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:um:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:publications/da3cea73-6f66-4900-92ed-f73e34499e14","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/da3cea73-6f66-4900-92ed-f73e34499e14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TITLE=ESPE 2021","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7056857904","https://openalex.org/W3215256908","https://openalex.org/W6890015334","https://openalex.org/W7005162135","https://openalex.org/W7027559396","https://openalex.org/W4281788864","https://openalex.org/W7029792627","https://openalex.org/W3186380495","https://openalex.org/W3156459063","https://openalex.org/W4200482245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"After":[0],"more":[1,178],"than":[2,23],"one":[3,35],"year":[4,37,96],"of":[5,38],"COVID-19-crisis":[6,39],"and":[7,19,48,73,112,137,143,168],"the":[8,13,83,152],"school":[9],"closures":[10],"that":[11,55,121,151,170],"followed,":[12],"concerns":[14],"about":[15,63],"decreased":[16],"learning":[17,46,91,125,173],"gain":[18,92,126],"inequality":[20],"are":[21,165],"larger":[22,129],"ever.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26,122],"paper":[27],"we":[28,119],"use":[29,51],"unique":[30],"data":[31],"to":[32,108],"analyse":[33],"how":[34],"full":[36,95],"in":[40,90,124],"Dutch":[41,59],"primary":[42,60],"education":[43,183],"has":[44,161],"affected":[45],"gains":[47],"inequalities.":[49],"We":[50],"a":[52,88,94],"large":[53],"dataset":[54],"includes":[56],"around":[57],"450,000":[58],"students":[61,157],"from":[62,102,141,158],"1,600":[64],"schools,":[65],"with":[66,132,146,181],"standardized":[67],"test":[68],"scores":[69],"for":[70,97,106,110,116,130,139,144,190],"reading,":[71],"spelling":[72,107],"mathematics,":[74],"as":[75,77],"well":[76],"rich":[78],"(family)":[79],"background":[80],"information":[81],"on":[82],"students.":[84],"The":[85],"results":[86,164],"show":[87],"drop":[89,123],"over":[93],"all":[98],"three":[99],"domains,":[100],"varying":[101],"0.08":[103],"standard":[104,114],"deviations":[105,115],"0.14":[109],"math":[111],"0.17":[113],"reading.":[117],"Furthermore,":[118],"find":[120],"is":[127],"(much)":[128],"children":[131,140,145],"low":[133],"parental":[134],"socioeconomic":[135],"status":[136],"income,":[138],"one-parent-households,":[142],"many":[147],"siblings.":[148],"This":[149],"implies":[150],"already":[153],"existing":[154],"inequalities":[155],"between":[156],"different":[159],"backgrounds":[160],"increased.":[162],"These":[163],"quite":[166],"alarming":[167],"suggest":[169],"although":[171],"distance":[172],"may":[174],"have":[175],"prevented":[176],"even":[177],"damage,":[179],"compared":[180],"no":[182],"at":[184],"all,":[185],"it":[186],"could":[187],"not":[188],"compensate":[189],"classroom":[191],"teaching.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
