{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7045287656","doi":null,"title":"Assessment N>e Discriminative Stimulus Effects of (\u00b1)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, \"ecstasy\") and (+Lysergic Add Diethylamide (LSD) in a Three-Lever Drug Discrimination Procedure","display_name":"Assessment N>e Discriminative Stimulus Effects of (\u00b1)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, \"ecstasy\") and (+Lysergic Add Diethylamide (LSD) in a Three-Lever Drug Discrimination Procedure","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7045287656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.wmich.edu:dissertations-2279","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/1277","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2279&context=dissertations","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196527","display_name":"ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2279&context=dissertations","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Goodwin, Amy K.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Goodwin, Amy K.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12553","display_name":"Psychedelics and Drug Studies","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12553","display_name":"Psychedelics and Drug Studies","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.09000000357627869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mdma","display_name":"MDMA","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecstasy","display_name":"ecstasy","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lsd","display_name":"LSD","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-discrimination","display_name":"drug discrimination","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-stimulus-effects","display_name":"discriminative stimulus effects","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serotonin-receptor-agonists","display_name":"serotonin receptor agonists","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine-agonists","display_name":"dopamine agonists","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amphetamine","display_name":"amphetamine","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fenfluramine","display_name":"fenfluramine","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haloperidol","display_name":"haloperidol","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-classification","display_name":"drug classification","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychostimulants","display_name":"psychostimulants","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucinogens","display_name":"hallucinogens","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rats","display_name":"rats","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus-control","display_name":"stimulus control","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69488","display_name":"MDMA","level":2,"score":0.9435999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124315065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194270","display_name":"Hallucinogen","level":2,"score":0.7006999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167934","display_name":"Serotonin","level":3,"score":0.6589000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25876315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15197465","display_name":"Neurochemical","level":2,"score":0.6395000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6251000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6237999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779638493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418928","display_name":"Fenfluramine","level":4,"score":0.6158000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57022672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617378","display_name":"Stimulus control","level":3,"score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.5412999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779871769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23118","display_name":"Lysergic acid diethylamide","level":4,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779369099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3706669","display_name":"Psychoactive drug","level":3,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779488553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625143","display_name":"Ecstasy","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196178793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282084","display_name":"Discrimination learning","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126855140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14891424","display_name":"5-HT2A receptor","level":5,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.wmich.edu:dissertations-2279","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/1277","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2279&context=dissertations","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196527","display_name":"ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.wmich.edu:dissertations-2279","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/1277","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2279&context=dissertations","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196527","display_name":"ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7045287656.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7045287656.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2580402176","https://openalex.org/W2058110328","https://openalex.org/W1978610961","https://openalex.org/W2050757130","https://openalex.org/W1976834001","https://openalex.org/W7096478237","https://openalex.org/W1981056570","https://openalex.org/W1575708244","https://openalex.org/W2063339016","https://openalex.org/W2891775584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(\u00b1)3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine":[0],"(MDMA)":[1],"is":[2,13,29,42,82,198,361,378],"a":[3,22,25,53,56,140,148,167,175,330,347,379],"common":[4],"drug":[5,18,79,108,150,332,349],"of":[6,38,63,75,104,114,189,207,214,222,251,265,312,319,382],"abuse":[7],"known":[8],"as":[9,20,51,87,91,93],"\"ecstasy.\"":[10],"Currently,":[11],"MDMA":[12,41,76,115,144,171,192,238,261,278,291,313,340,370,383],"classified":[14,328],"into":[15,329],"the":[16,60,64,72,101,111,181,186,201,208,211,215,240,266,269,277,281,299,306,309,356],"traditional":[17],"classes":[19],"both":[21,33,39,52,252],"\"stimulant\"":[23],"and":[24,35,55,66,119,127,143,170,191,204,254,322,324,341],"\"hallucinogen\"":[26],"because":[27],"it":[28,184],"reported":[30],"to":[31,44,84,94,116,137,157,161,195,228,368],"share":[32],"subjective":[34],"physiological":[36],"properties":[37,74,103,113],"classes.":[40],"thought":[43],"produce":[45,287],"its":[46],"psychoactive":[47,105],"effects":[48,188,311],"by":[49,200],"acting":[50],"serotonin":[54,65,168,241,270,376],"dopamine":[57,67,141,282],"agonist.":[58],"However,":[59,125],"relative":[61],"importance":[62],"neurotransmitter":[68],"systems":[69],"in":[70,147,174,210,226,257,290,346],"mediating":[71],"stimulus":[73,102,112,187,231,310],"remains":[77],"unclear.\\nThe":[78],"discrimination":[80,151,209],"assay":[81],"used":[83],"classify":[85],"drugs":[86],"\"similar\"":[88],"or":[89,373],"\"dissimilar,\"":[90],"well":[92],"examine":[95],"underlying":[96],"neurochemical":[97],"changes":[98],"associated":[99],"with":[100],"compounds.":[106],"Two-lever":[107],"discriminations":[109],"comparing":[110],"other":[117,320],"psychostimulants":[118,321],"hallucinogens":[120],"have":[121],"produced":[122,233],"conflicting":[123],"reports.":[124],"Goodwin":[126],"Baker":[128],"(2000)":[129],"established":[130],"that":[131,308,339,363],"rats":[132,160],"could":[133],"be":[134,327],"successfully":[135],"trained":[136,367],"discriminate":[138,162,369],"damphetamine,":[139],"agonist,":[142,169],"from":[145,172,317,371,374],"saline":[146,173],"three-lever":[149,177],"procedure.":[152],"The":[153],"present":[154],"study":[155],"sought":[156],"train":[158],"12":[159],"(+)-lysergic":[163],"acid":[164],"diethylamide":[165],"(LSD),":[166],"similar":[176,342],"procedure.\\nAll":[178],"subjects":[179,218],"acquired":[180],"discrimination,":[182],"though":[183],"appears":[185],"LSD":[190,300],"are":[193,314,366],"difficult":[194],"distinguish.":[196],"This":[197],"evidenced":[199],"difficulties":[202],"establishing":[203],"demonstrating":[205],"maintenance":[206],"beginning":[212],"stages":[213],"study.":[216],"Overall,":[217],"required":[219],"an":[220],"average":[221],"153":[223],"training":[224],"sessions":[225],"order":[227],"demonstrate":[229],"adequate":[230],"control.\\nd-Amphetamine":[232],"only":[234,263,274],"partial":[235],"substitution":[236],"for":[237,247,260,351],"while":[239,280],"releaser,":[242],"fenfluramine,":[243],"did":[244,285,296],"completely":[245,297],"substitute":[246],"MDMA.":[248],"Low":[249],"doses":[250],"d-amphetamine":[253,372],"fenfluramine":[255],"given":[256],"combination":[258],"substituted":[259],"at":[262],"one":[264],"combinations.":[267],"Moreover,":[268],"antagonist":[271,283],"MDL-":[272,294],"100907":[273,295],"partially":[275],"blocked":[276],"cue":[279],"haloperidol":[284],"not":[286],"any":[288],"decrease":[289],"responding.":[292],"Conversely,":[293],"block":[298],"cue.\\nTaken":[301],"together,":[302],"these":[303],"results":[304],"support":[305],"notion":[307],"clearly":[315],"different":[316],"those":[318],"hallucinogens,":[323],"should":[325],"therefore":[326],"distinct":[331],"class.":[333],"Indeed,":[334],"Nichols":[335],"(1986)":[336],"has":[337,354],"proposed":[338],"amphetamine":[343],"analogs":[344],"belong":[345],"separate":[348],"class,":[350],"which":[352],"he":[353],"coined":[355],"term":[357],"\"entactogens.\"":[358],"It":[359],"also":[360],"evident":[362],"whether":[364],"animals":[365],"LSD,":[375],"release":[377],"salient":[380],"feature":[381],"discrimination.":[384]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
