{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7042889613","doi":null,"title":"Removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater using chitosan coated oil palm shell charcoal","display_name":"Removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater using chitosan coated oil palm shell charcoal","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7042889613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/5702","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/5702","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/310d1cbc-576a-48d7-b04f-d467a963bc9b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/310d1cbc-576a-48d7-b04f-d467a963bc9b/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. Nomanbhay Saifuddin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Nomanbhay Saifuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemistry Unit , Department of Engineering Sciences","College of Engineering Universiti of Tenaga Nasional 43900 Kajang Selangor , Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemistry Unit , Department of Engineering Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering Universiti of Tenaga Nasional 43900 Kajang Selangor , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Palanisamy Kumaran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Palanisamy Kumaran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4567,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77330185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12078","display_name":"Environmental remediation with nanomaterials","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12780","display_name":"Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-removal","display_name":"heavy metal removal","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-wastewater-treatment","display_name":"industrial wastewater treatment","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosorption","display_name":"biosorption","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chitosan-coating","display_name":"chitosan coating","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-biosorbent","display_name":"composite biosorbent","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hexavalent-chromium","display_name":"hexavalent chromium","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium-reduction","display_name":"chromium reduction","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption-isotherms","display_name":"adsorption isotherms","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorbent-regeneration","display_name":"adsorbent regeneration","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionic-interactions","display_name":"ionic interactions","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-formation","display_name":"complex formation","score":0.7649999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776812703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915288","display_name":"Biosorption","level":4,"score":0.7354000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779732960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408510","display_name":"Chitosan","level":2,"score":0.7350999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58445606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898533","display_name":"Sorption","level":3,"score":0.6934999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6654999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162711632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905514","display_name":"Desorption","level":3,"score":0.6133999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199164860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822745","display_name":"Metal ions in aqueous solution","level":3,"score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777899863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4428995","display_name":"Sorbent","level":3,"score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44403221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6592216","display_name":"Industrial wastewater treatment","level":3,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.46309998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511782168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725","display_name":"Chromium","level":2,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12143843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6486358","display_name":"Langmuir adsorption model","level":3,"score":0.43459999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115958267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464196","display_name":"Langmuir","level":3,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51807945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503392","display_name":"Electroplating","level":3,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526406351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177463","display_name":"Charcoal","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2230313","display_name":"Shell (structure)","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988237154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231458","display_name":"Palm oil","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172331833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751029","display_name":"Packed bed","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187428577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396","display_name":"Ionic strength","level":3,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781224309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732957","display_name":"Industrial waste","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/5702","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/5702","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/310d1cbc-576a-48d7-b04f-d467a963bc9b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/5702","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/5702","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/310d1cbc-576a-48d7-b04f-d467a963bc9b/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.9090999960899353,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7042889613.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7042889613.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113767099","https://openalex.org/W2044114614","https://openalex.org/W2988237586","https://openalex.org/W3115550111","https://openalex.org/W7203820343","https://openalex.org/W1977998156","https://openalex.org/W2898387346","https://openalex.org/W1480809000","https://openalex.org/W4295065752","https://openalex.org/W2612067383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,40,106],"understanding":[4],"biosorption":[5],"process":[6],"and":[7,128,139,186,197],"developing":[8],"a":[9,107],"cost":[10],"effective":[11],"technology":[12],"for":[13,102],"treatment":[14],"of":[15,51,66,76,78,111,117,162,180,182],"heavy":[16],"metals-contaminated":[17],"industrial":[18],"wastewater.":[19],"A":[20],"new":[21],"composite":[22,68],"biosorbent":[23,69,105,144],"has":[24],"been":[25,130],"prepared":[26],"by":[27,47,72,123],"coating":[28],"chitosan":[29,124],"onto":[30],"acid":[31],"treated":[32],"oil":[33],"palm":[34],"shell":[35],"charcoal":[36],"(AOPSC).":[37],"Chitosan":[38],"loading":[39],"the":[41,52,67,74,93,97,103,143,148,151,163,183],"AOPSC":[42],"support":[43],"is":[44,54],"about":[45],"21%":[46],"weight.":[48],"The":[49,63],"shape":[50],"adsorbent":[53,152],"nearly":[55],"spherical":[56],"with":[57,147,155],"particle":[58],"diameter":[59],"ranging":[60],"100~150":[61],"\u03bcm.":[62],"adsorption":[64,77,187],"capacity":[65,100],"was":[70,125,145,153],"evaluated":[71],"measuring":[73],"extent":[75],"chromium":[79],"metal":[80,149,164],"ions":[81],"from":[82],"water":[83],"under":[84],"equilibrium":[85,94],"conditions":[86],"at":[87],"25\u00b0C.":[88],"Using":[89],"Langmuir":[90],"isotherm":[91],"model,":[92],"data":[95],"yielded":[96],"following":[98],"ultimate":[99],"values":[101],"coated":[104],"per":[108],"gram":[109],"basis":[110],"chitosan:":[112],"154":[113],"mg":[114],"Cr/g.":[115],"Bioconversion":[116],"Cr":[118,121],"(VI)":[119],"to":[120],"(III)":[122],"also":[126],"observed":[127],"had":[129],"shown":[131],"previously":[132],"in":[133],"other":[134],"studies":[135,188],"using":[136],"plant":[137],"tissues":[138],"mineral":[140],"surfaces.":[141],"After":[142],"saturated":[146],"ions,":[150],"regenerated":[154],"0.1":[156],"M":[157],"sodium":[158],"hydroxide.":[159],"Maximum":[160],"desorption":[161,173],"takes":[165],"place":[166],"within":[167,175],"5":[168],"bed":[169,177],"volumes":[170],"while":[171],"complete":[172],"occurs":[174],"10":[176],"volumes.":[178],"Details":[179],"preparation":[181],"biosorbent,":[184],"characterization,":[185],"are":[189,194],"presented.":[190],"Dominant":[191],"sorption":[192],"mechanisms":[193],"ionic":[195],"interactions":[196],"complexation.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}