{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7039429623","doi":null,"title":"Luftverkehr und Klima","display_name":"Luftverkehr und Klima","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7039429623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:9530","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/9530/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Beitrag in einem Lehr- oder Fachbuch"},"volume":null,"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Schumann, U.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Schumann, U.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11524","display_name":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11524","display_name":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-impact-of-aviation","display_name":"aviation climate impact","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-emissions","display_name":"aviation emissions","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-oxides","display_name":"nitrogen oxides","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-tropospheric-ozone","display_name":"upper tropospheric ozone","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-forcing","display_name":"radiative forcing","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gases","display_name":"greenhouse gases","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrails","display_name":"contrails","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soot","display_name":"soot","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulphuric-acid-aerosols","display_name":"sulphuric acid aerosols","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-cover","display_name":"cloud cover","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flight-altitude","display_name":"flight altitude","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"fuel economy","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aircraft-engine-emissions","display_name":"aircraft engine emissions","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99578197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1463606","display_name":"Radiative forcing","level":3,"score":0.8305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7355999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508106653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36933","display_name":"Ozone","level":2,"score":0.6743999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.6413999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6352999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.5430999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203032635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20962970","display_name":"NOx","level":3,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207895","display_name":"Nitrogen dioxide","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516920438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129","display_name":"Methane","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137851953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41560","display_name":"Greenhouse effect","level":4,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206887242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830457","display_name":"Cloud cover","level":3,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115719804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79995","display_name":"Ozone layer","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151420433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Humidity","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512735826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025","display_name":"Carbon monoxide","level":3,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424418","display_name":"Nitrogen oxide","level":4,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019581552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424418","display_name":"Nitrogen oxides","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.24330000579357147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58874564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130768","display_name":"Smoke","level":2,"score":0.24040000140666962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.22280000150203705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776349674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298060","display_name":"Tropospheric ozone","level":3,"score":0.21729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643546","display_name":"Haze","level":2,"score":0.2150000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119288801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901028","display_name":"Global-warming potential","level":3,"score":0.20340000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147534773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190120","display_name":"Water vapor","level":2,"score":0.19930000603199005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152798702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3230","display_name":"Atmosphere of Earth","level":3,"score":0.19429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163861444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108376","display_name":"Stratosphere","level":2,"score":0.1890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195048187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4468919","display_name":"Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere","level":3,"score":0.18729999661445618}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:9530","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/9530/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Beitrag in einem Lehr- oder Fachbuch"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1147470736","https://openalex.org/W2024416735","https://openalex.org/W2070311548","https://openalex.org/W2098489838","https://openalex.org/W1944015624","https://openalex.org/W2725192106","https://openalex.org/W2248260787","https://openalex.org/W116008640","https://openalex.org/W2088675250","https://openalex.org/W1555529558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Carbon":[0],"dioxide":[1,133,152,180],"emissions":[2,70,105,134,163,181,220,248],"from":[3,41,93,135],"past":[4,131,167],"global":[5,207,211,219,276],"air":[6,208],"traffic":[7,209],"contributed":[8],"nearly":[9],"2%":[10],"to":[11,31,90,113,119,225,295],"the":[12,19,34,48,54,73,107,122,126,138,145,150,159,162,165,170,240,270,275,283],"increase":[13,29,72,84],"of":[14,50,121,144,148,161,172,186,206,231,272],"this":[15,25,51],"greenhouse":[16],"gas":[17,52],"during":[18,266],"last":[20],"century.":[21],"For":[22],"continued":[23],"trends,":[24],"fractional":[26],"contribution":[27],"may":[28],"up":[30],"5%":[32],"within":[33],"next":[35],"50":[36],"years.":[37],"Nitrogen":[38],"dioxides":[39],"emitted":[40],"presently":[42,71],"operating":[43],"aircraft":[44,104],"engines":[45],"approximately":[46],"doubled":[47],"concentration":[49,75],"in":[53,80,85,106,164,197,218],"Northern":[55],"mid-latitude":[56],"upper":[57],"troposphere,":[58],"i.e.":[59],"at":[60],"altitudes":[61],"between":[62],"8":[63],"and":[64,191,194,249,258,278],"12":[65],"km.":[66],"The":[67,83,109,184,204,291],"nitrogen":[68,246],"oxides":[69,247],"ozone":[74,86,101,115,139],"by":[76,103,130,175,178,282],"a":[77,142,250],"few":[78],"percent":[79],"that":[81,296],"region.":[82],"is":[87,97,141,182,213],"too":[88],"small":[89,223],"be":[91,120,201,256],"detectable":[92],"existing":[94],"measurements.":[95],"There":[96],"no":[98],"evidence":[99],"for":[100,155,298],"depletion":[102],"stratosphere.":[108],"radiative":[110,127,173],"forcing":[111,128,174],"due":[112],"additional":[114,261],"has":[116,263,279],"been":[117,264,280],"computed":[118],"same":[123],"order":[124],"as":[125],"caused":[129,177],"carbon":[132,151,179],"aircraft.":[136],"Whereas":[137],"effect":[140,153],"function":[143],"actual":[146],"rate":[147],"emissions,":[149],"depends":[154],"many":[156],"decades":[157],"on":[158,210,269,274,286],"integral":[160],"respective":[166],"period.":[168],"Therefore,":[169],"fraction":[171],"aviation":[176,253,273],"increasing.":[183],"importance":[185],"contrails,":[187],"soot,":[188],"sulphuric":[189],"acid":[190],"other":[192],"particles,":[193],"related":[195],"changes":[196],"cloudiness":[198],"cannot":[199],"yet":[200],"fully":[202],"assessed.":[203],"impact":[205,271],"climate":[212,227,241],"larger":[214],"than":[215],"its":[216],"share":[217],"but":[221],"still":[222],"compared":[224],"natural":[226],"variations.":[228],"A":[229],"reduction":[230],"present":[232],"flight":[233],"altitude":[234],"or":[235],"speed":[236],"does":[237],"not":[238],"reduce":[239],"impact.":[242],"Engines":[243],"with":[244],"less":[245],"more":[251,299],"fuel-efficient":[252],"system":[254],"should":[255,293],"developed":[257],"installed.":[259],"Much":[260],"insight":[262],"gained":[265],"recent":[267],"years":[268],"atmosphere":[277],"reviewed":[281],"Intergovernmental":[284],"Panel":[285],"Climate":[287],"Change":[288],"(IPCC":[289],"1999).":[290],"reader":[292],"refer":[294],"report":[297],"details.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T06:18:51.028212","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
