{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7037469221","doi":null,"title":"Diverging perceptions on communal sanitation facilities : a case study of Kibera slum","display_name":"Diverging perceptions on communal sanitation facilities : a case study of Kibera slum","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7037469221"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:unesco:oai:cdm21063.contentdm.oclc.org:masters2/47192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://cdm21063.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/masters2/id/47192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://cdm21063.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/masters2/id/47192","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110766919","display_name":"Robert Mathenge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mathenge, R.W.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110766919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79771586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12147","display_name":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","score":0.611299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12147","display_name":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","score":0.611299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13700","display_name":"Gender Studies and Social Issues","score":0.1444000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.12240000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slum-sanitation","display_name":"slum sanitation","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kibera-slum","display_name":"Kibera slum","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-perception","display_name":"user perception","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provider-perceptions","display_name":"provider perceptions","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toilet-cleanliness","display_name":"toilet cleanliness","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-satisfaction","display_name":"user satisfaction","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780151969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949149","display_name":"Sanitation","level":2,"score":0.916700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778631157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201759","display_name":"Slum","level":3,"score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6092000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48989999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71750763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164","display_name":"General partnership","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6007834","display_name":"Improved sanitation","level":3,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97156103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072861","display_name":"Open defecation","level":3,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987226825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541936","display_name":"Community participation","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992462627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96382144","display_name":"Informal settlements","level":2,"score":0.24300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.23180000483989716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.22990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780965534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3097999","display_name":"Pit latrine","level":4,"score":0.2134999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.20730000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.20589999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779455803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490933","display_name":"Local community","level":2,"score":0.2037999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528615729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537823","display_name":"Appropriate technology","level":2,"score":0.19449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.19050000607967377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.19030000269412994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994102451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7892","display_name":"Clean water","level":2,"score":0.1891999989748001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.18539999425411224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.1851000040769577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.18160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197743484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5615741","display_name":"Latrine","level":3,"score":0.17739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.17659999430179596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.1761000007390976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196777733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550467","display_name":"Basic needs","level":3,"score":0.1761000007390976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.1729000061750412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.1712000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156393514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934800","display_name":"Multimethodology","level":2,"score":0.16949999332427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020759390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880694","display_name":"Behaviour change","level":3,"score":0.16599999368190765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.16339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.16329999268054962}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:unesco:oai:cdm21063.contentdm.oclc.org:masters2/47192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://cdm21063.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/masters2/id/47192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:unesco:oai:cdm21063.contentdm.oclc.org:masters2/47192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://cdm21063.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/masters2/id/47192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.8999999761581421},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8787999749183655}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001425804","https://openalex.org/W2044719162","https://openalex.org/W2612757670","https://openalex.org/W4312949189","https://openalex.org/W2055463518","https://openalex.org/W3092515384","https://openalex.org/W1979626752","https://openalex.org/W4312438389","https://openalex.org/W4300690335","https://openalex.org/W2172558814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Communal":[0],"facilities":[1,46,85],"are":[2,19,48],"enabling":[3],"many":[4],"slum":[5,150],"dwellers":[6],"access":[7],"to":[8,21,30,65,86,95,122,247],"sanitation":[9,45,159,217],"services.With":[10],"the":[11,34,37,40,43,57,69,73,79,84,91,99,102,111,114,133,136,139,143,175,178,192,198,201,204,208,215,221,229,233,248,251,254,269],"increase":[12],"in":[13,151],"population":[14],"and":[15,36,68,113,138,168,177,183,224,228],"rapid":[16],"urbanization,":[17],"they":[18,93],"expected":[20],"play":[22],"aneven":[23],"greater":[24],"role.":[25],"The":[26,188],"study":[27,53,189],"aim":[28],"was":[29,54,153],"gain":[31],"insights":[32],"on":[33,39,49,72,76,142,197],"users'":[35,115,137,241],"providers'perception":[38],"appropriateness":[41],"of":[42,98,117,124,130,132,157,200,220,250,256],"various":[44,74],"that":[47,59,105,191],"offer":[50],"tothe":[51],"residents.The":[52],"driven":[55],"by":[56,90],"concern":[58],"no":[60],"studies":[61],"have":[62],"been":[63],"taken":[64],"identify":[66],"theusers":[67],"providers'":[70,112,140],"views":[71,141],"options":[75],"offer.":[77],"Yet,":[78],"current":[80],"studiesindicate":[81],"that,":[82],"for":[83,207,213,263,268],"be":[87,238],"properly":[88],"used":[89],"community":[92],"need":[94],"meetthe":[96],"desires":[97],"people.":[100],"Further,":[101],"research":[103],"shows":[104,190],"often":[106],"there":[107],"exists":[108],"adiscrepancy":[109],"between":[110],"choice":[116],"preferred":[118],"technology.":[119],"Thisoften":[120],"leads":[121],"lack":[123,129],"proper":[125],"use":[126,131],"or":[127],"even":[128],"facilities.To":[134],"explore":[135],"communal":[144,158],"facilities,":[145],"a":[146,225,260],"case":[147],"studyof":[148],"Kibera":[149],"Kenya":[152],"conducted.":[154],"Four":[155],"types":[156],"facilitieswere":[160],"identified":[161],"namely:":[162],"pour":[163],"flush":[164],"toilets,":[165],"VIPs,":[166],"WC":[167],"biogas":[169],"toilets.":[170],"To":[171],"collect":[172],"theviews":[173],"from":[174],"providers":[176],"users,":[179],"semi":[180],"structured":[181],"interviews":[182],"usersquestionnaires":[184],"were":[185],"employed":[186],"respectively.":[187],"users":[193],"place":[194],"ahigh":[195],"premium":[196],"cleanliness":[199],"facilities.":[202],"On":[203],"other":[205],"hand,":[206],"providers,the":[209],"most":[210],"important":[211],"criteria":[212],"selecting":[214,264],"appropriate":[216,266],"technology":[218,267],"isavailability":[219],"infrastructure":[222],"(water":[223],"sewer":[226],"line)":[227],"operation":[230],"cost.":[231],"TheFrom":[232],"study,":[234],"two":[235],"conclusions":[236],"can":[237],"drawn:":[239],"First,":[240],"satisfaction":[242],"with":[243],"thefacilities":[244,258],"is":[245,259],"related":[246],"level":[249],"cleanliness.":[252],"Second,":[253],"cost":[255],"emptying":[257],"major":[261],"criterion":[262],"an":[265],"providers.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
