{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7037183147","doi":null,"title":"Design, Development, and Operation of an Electrochemical Urea Removal Reactor for the Application of Portable Dialysis","display_name":"Design, Development, and Operation of an Electrochemical Urea Removal Reactor for the Application of Portable Dialysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7037183147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/47016","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1773/47016","pdf_url":"https://digital.lib.washington.edu/bitstreams/ab286765-f6e1-4d55-a320-e3b2fc411bbd/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401128","display_name":"ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","host_organization_name":"University of Washington","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digital.lib.washington.edu/bitstreams/ab286765-f6e1-4d55-a320-e3b2fc411bbd/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Carpenter, Kelly Ann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carpenter, Kelly Ann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington 2021"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington 2021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.7753999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.7753999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.057999998331069946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10210","display_name":"Advanced oxidation water treatment","score":0.04809999838471413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portable-dialysis","display_name":"portable dialysis","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platinum-catalysts","display_name":"platinum catalysts","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalyst-deactivation","display_name":"catalyst deactivation","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitting-corrosion","display_name":"pitting corrosion","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaline-water-electrolysis","display_name":"alkaline water electrolysis","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-induced-corrosion","display_name":"chloride-induced corrosion","score":0.7070000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4553000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48318","display_name":"Urea","level":2,"score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779978075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202301","display_name":"Dialysis","level":2,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163127949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403","display_name":"Electrolysis","level":4,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.2475000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132543647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80097","display_name":"Electrochemical cell","level":4,"score":0.23999999463558197}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/47016","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1773/47016","pdf_url":"https://digital.lib.washington.edu/bitstreams/ab286765-f6e1-4d55-a320-e3b2fc411bbd/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401128","display_name":"ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","host_organization_name":"University of Washington","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/47016","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1773/47016","pdf_url":"https://digital.lib.washington.edu/bitstreams/ab286765-f6e1-4d55-a320-e3b2fc411bbd/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401128","display_name":"ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","host_organization_name":"University of Washington","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.53329998254776,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7037183147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7037183147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8912106","https://openalex.org/W39633286","https://openalex.org/W80304843","https://openalex.org/W163750331","https://openalex.org/W232405862","https://openalex.org/W322669998","https://openalex.org/W1613823766","https://openalex.org/W1737697084","https://openalex.org/W1966421141","https://openalex.org/W1966867774","https://openalex.org/W1971141242","https://openalex.org/W1975844597","https://openalex.org/W1977905133","https://openalex.org/W1978466937","https://openalex.org/W1979493988","https://openalex.org/W1981841220","https://openalex.org/W1981960998","https://openalex.org/W1991286163","https://openalex.org/W1991693184","https://openalex.org/W1993489227","https://openalex.org/W1994809578","https://openalex.org/W1998067317","https://openalex.org/W1999373376","https://openalex.org/W2004943796","https://openalex.org/W2006004986","https://openalex.org/W2008217363","https://openalex.org/W2015774781","https://openalex.org/W2019501920","https://openalex.org/W2022324820","https://openalex.org/W2024503084","https://openalex.org/W2024848438","https://openalex.org/W2025565922","https://openalex.org/W2030421370","https://openalex.org/W2035480297","https://openalex.org/W2036100548","https://openalex.org/W2036277742","https://openalex.org/W2044888899","https://openalex.org/W2045626824","https://openalex.org/W2047846525","https://openalex.org/W2052541589","https://openalex.org/W2055125499","https://openalex.org/W2057655134","https://openalex.org/W2063888576","https://openalex.org/W2068937900","https://openalex.org/W2070569438","https://openalex.org/W2077750400","https://openalex.org/W2082670161","https://openalex.org/W2086501402","https://openalex.org/W2090224664","https://openalex.org/W2091295635","https://openalex.org/W2111684517","https://openalex.org/W2125578156","https://openalex.org/W2126398960","https://openalex.org/W2131885486","https://openalex.org/W2132874343","https://openalex.org/W2133634309","https://openalex.org/W2136063757","https://openalex.org/W2136532935","https://openalex.org/W2138425634","https://openalex.org/W2144739335","https://openalex.org/W2146336295","https://openalex.org/W2148703464","https://openalex.org/W2158519222","https://openalex.org/W2161343711","https://openalex.org/W2167205459","https://openalex.org/W2174057763","https://openalex.org/W2200545062","https://openalex.org/W2266946421","https://openalex.org/W2267180070","https://openalex.org/W2272918197","https://openalex.org/W2282335646","https://openalex.org/W2318286474","https://openalex.org/W2327802463","https://openalex.org/W2332825232","https://openalex.org/W2399831724","https://openalex.org/W2417175048","https://openalex.org/W2475172062","https://openalex.org/W2493530972","https://openalex.org/W2512282638","https://openalex.org/W2517910713","https://openalex.org/W2569928233","https://openalex.org/W2581099574","https://openalex.org/W2599022060","https://openalex.org/W2750163624","https://openalex.org/W2789289544","https://openalex.org/W2794237529","https://openalex.org/W2801139006","https://openalex.org/W2801203159","https://openalex.org/W2804037487","https://openalex.org/W2807863210","https://openalex.org/W2882430057","https://openalex.org/W2887891314","https://openalex.org/W2911308343","https://openalex.org/W2914825519","https://openalex.org/W2936560332","https://openalex.org/W2953466114","https://openalex.org/W2954443932","https://openalex.org/W2958776203","https://openalex.org/W2979037227","https://openalex.org/W2981928754","https://openalex.org/W3093020180","https://openalex.org/W3099903688","https://openalex.org/W3102332338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2992930100","https://openalex.org/W2976402991","https://openalex.org/W2024848438","https://openalex.org/W7006431578","https://openalex.org/W4248930368","https://openalex.org/W3102945330","https://openalex.org/W7046697827","https://openalex.org/W4401394052","https://openalex.org/W1737697084","https://openalex.org/W7009046189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrochemical":[0],"investigations":[1],"of":[2,11,16,20,27,62,79,138,147,178,186,198,202,207,214,219,228,235,249,291],"Pt":[3],"and":[4,45,54,57,72,127,131,145,166,210,239,277,302],"Ni-based":[5],"catalysts":[6,67],"were":[7,33],"performed":[8,35],"in":[9,36,83,102,190,253],"pursuit":[10],"designing":[12],"a":[13,129,148,155,159,196,200,205,211,233,257],"reactor":[14,283],"capable":[15],"oxidizing":[17],"15":[18],"grams":[19],"urea":[21,63,80,150,175,189,274],"per":[22],"day":[23],"for":[24],"the":[25,51,59,97,222,229,236,254,263,288],"use":[26],"portable":[28],"dialysis.":[29],"The":[30,77,112,172,217,271],"electrocatalytic":[31,273],"experiments":[32,244],"primarily":[34,260],"an":[37,167,183,281],"alkaline":[38,84,168],"aqueous":[39],"three-electrode":[40],"cell":[41,152,212],"utilizing":[42,154],"cyclic":[43],"voltammetry":[44],"chronoamperometry;":[46],"this":[47],"served":[48],"to":[49,143,232,262,280,287],"elucidate":[50],"oxidation":[52,64,81,275],"reaction":[53],"deactivation":[55,135],"mechanisms":[56],"measure":[58],"kinetic":[60],"parameters":[61],"on":[65,108,125,162],"various":[66],"including":[68],"Pt,":[69],"Ni,":[70],"Ni(OH)2,":[71],"1":[73],"mol%":[74],"iron-doped":[75],"Ni(OH)2.":[76],"hierarchy":[78],"activity":[82,114],"media":[85],"is":[86,115],"summarized":[87,116],"as":[88,117],"Ni(OH)2":[89,120,156,269],"=":[90],"Fe-Ni(OH)2":[91,118,126],">":[92,119,121],"Ni":[93,109,264],">>":[94],"Pt.":[95],"Creatinine,":[96],"second":[98],"most":[99],"concentrated":[100],"solute":[101],"urine,":[103],"was":[104],"also":[105],"electrochemically":[106],"investigated":[107],"foam-based":[110],"electrodes.":[111],"creatinine":[113],"Ni.":[122],"Creatinine":[123],"oxidizes":[124],"exhibits":[128],"concentration":[130],"time":[132],"dependent":[133],"catalyst":[134],"mechanism.":[136],"Application":[137],"these":[139],"electrokinetic":[140],"studies":[141],"led":[142],"design":[144],"development":[146],"bench-scale":[149],"removal":[151,176],"(URC)":[153],"foam":[157,265],"anode,":[158],"Pt/C":[160],"supported":[161],"carbon":[163],"cloth":[164],"cathode,":[165],"exchange":[169],"membrane":[170],"electrolyte.":[171],"URC":[173,255],"achieves":[174],"rates":[177],"about":[179],"35":[180],"mg/cm2/day":[181],"from":[182],"anolyte":[184,223],"feed":[185,224],"10":[187],"mM":[188],"0.1":[191],"M":[192],"KHCO3":[193],"operating":[194],"at":[195],"pH":[197,238],"7.4,":[199],"temperature":[201],"37":[203],"\u00b0C,":[204],"flowrate":[206],"20":[208],"ml/min,":[209],"voltage":[213],"1.9":[215],"V.":[216],"addition":[218],"chloride":[220],"into":[221],"induced":[225],"pitting":[226],"corrosion":[227,243],"anode":[230],"due":[231,261],"combination":[234],"neutral":[237],"applied":[240],"voltage.":[241],"Early":[242],"indicated":[245],"that":[246],"even":[247],"1%":[248],"physiological":[250,300],"Cl\u2013":[251],"concentrations":[252],"create":[256],"corrosive":[258],"environment,":[259],"substrate":[266],"rather":[267],"than":[268],"catalyst.":[270],"reported":[272],"research":[276],"its":[278],"application":[279],"electrochemical":[282],"are":[284],"directly":[285],"applicable":[286],"general":[289],"field":[290],"wastewater":[292],"remediation":[293],"via":[294],"electrolysis,":[295],"which":[296],"has":[297],"less":[298],"strict":[299],"conditions":[301],"portability":[303],"requirements.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}