{"id":"https://openalex.org/W70320461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006596323198","title":"Gould on Laws in Biological Science","display_name":"Gould on Laws in Biological Science","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W70320461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006596323198","mag":"70320461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1006596323198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006596323198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006596323198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75346102","display_name":"Biology & Philosophy","issn_l":"0169-3867","issn":["0169-3867","1572-8404"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biology and Philosophy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069432543","display_name":"Lee McIntyre","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39660569","display_name":"Colgate University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d23ve83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39660569"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"LEE MCINTYRE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy and Religion, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, 13346, U.S.A","Department of Philosophy and Religion, Colgate University, Hamilton, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy and Religion, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, 13346, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39660569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy and Religion, Colgate University, Hamilton, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39660569"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069432543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39660569"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94394862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"357","last_page":"367"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Philosophy, Science, and History","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12182","display_name":"Evolution and Science Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laws-of-nature","display_name":"laws of nature","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-laws","display_name":"biological laws","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"evolutionary biology","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dollo-s-law","display_name":"Dollo's law","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complexity","display_name":"complexity","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-biology","display_name":"philosophy of biology","score":0.7609999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180182882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028964","display_name":"Philosophy of biology","level":3,"score":0.8486300110816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4686999022960663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194583477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408891","display_name":"Physical law","level":2,"score":0.45257019996643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.32859885692596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2968825697898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23991617560386658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.19515573978424072}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1006596323198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006596323198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006596323198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75346102","display_name":"Biology & Philosophy","issn_l":"0169-3867","issn":["0169-3867","1572-8404"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biology and Philosophy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7099999785423279}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032158","https://openalex.org/W189942525","https://openalex.org/W633580074","https://openalex.org/W1483359829","https://openalex.org/W1498444647","https://openalex.org/W1522193745","https://openalex.org/W1528286516","https://openalex.org/W1534346685","https://openalex.org/W1550375751","https://openalex.org/W1585749986","https://openalex.org/W1596710757","https://openalex.org/W1607902772","https://openalex.org/W1964484191","https://openalex.org/W1971035778","https://openalex.org/W1976321394","https://openalex.org/W1980875014","https://openalex.org/W1983427327","https://openalex.org/W1984739932","https://openalex.org/W2020751900","https://openalex.org/W2025888400","https://openalex.org/W2027397933","https://openalex.org/W2031703053","https://openalex.org/W2048208618","https://openalex.org/W2062026087","https://openalex.org/W2065464699","https://openalex.org/W2082077517","https://openalex.org/W2103443513","https://openalex.org/W2114062032","https://openalex.org/W2140810925","https://openalex.org/W2299522404","https://openalex.org/W2316663026","https://openalex.org/W2317392412","https://openalex.org/W2320527789","https://openalex.org/W2724672156","https://openalex.org/W2978851794","https://openalex.org/W2982640403","https://openalex.org/W3140996419","https://openalex.org/W4206748086","https://openalex.org/W4230896293","https://openalex.org/W4300417742","https://openalex.org/W4393129227","https://openalex.org/W6628937739","https://openalex.org/W6666956232"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904433952","https://openalex.org/W2143176252","https://openalex.org/W4317705251","https://openalex.org/W2357334013","https://openalex.org/W4220711654","https://openalex.org/W2034673290","https://openalex.org/W1604986190","https://openalex.org/W2010770683","https://openalex.org/W1980949391","https://openalex.org/W4407880291"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}