{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7014780709","doi":null,"title":"Questionnaire Validity and Reliability: A Review with Practical Guidelines","display_name":"Questionnaire Validity and Reliability: A Review with Practical Guidelines","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7014780709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.www.scientificia.com:article/230","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://scientificia.com/index.php/JEBE/article/view/230","pdf_url":"http://scientificia.com/index.php/JEBE/article/download/230/224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402067","display_name":"Scientificia - Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2345-4695","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://scientificia.com/index.php/JEBE/article/download/230/224","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075219468","display_name":"Dalowar Hossan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-5880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-5880"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598389","display_name":"SBS Swiss Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/051qmsg29","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598389"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossan, Dalowar","raw_affiliation_strings":["SBS Swiss Business School, Kloten-Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SBS Swiss Business School, Kloten-Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079021022","display_name":"Bert Wolfs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8606-7182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8606-7182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598389","display_name":"SBS Swiss Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/051qmsg29","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598389"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfs, Bert","raw_affiliation_strings":["SBS Swiss Business School, Kloten-Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SBS Swiss Business School, Kloten-Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jesmin, Noor -E-Medina Suraiya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131323","display_name":"University of Asia Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/03dk4hf38","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesmin, Noor -E-Medina Suraiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law and Human Right, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law and Human Right, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017380055","display_name":"Milo\u0161 Petkovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1989-0504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1989-0504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4399598389","display_name":"SBS Swiss Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/051qmsg29","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4399598389"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petkovic, Milos","raw_affiliation_strings":["SBS Swiss Business School, Kloten-Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SBS Swiss Business School, Kloten-Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4399598389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.42260000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.42260000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.413100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.11209999769926071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questionnaire-validity","display_name":"questionnaire validity","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questionnaire-reliability","display_name":"questionnaire reliability","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pilot-testing","display_name":"pilot testing","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-consistency","display_name":"internal consistency","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-methods-research","display_name":"mixed methods","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangulation","display_name":"triangulation","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"qualitative research","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-research","display_name":"quantitative research","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-credibility","display_name":"research credibility","score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-instruments","display_name":"measurement instruments","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5855000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5321000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2693233","display_name":"Internal consistency","level":3,"score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174106493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057880","display_name":"External validity","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59364581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747810","display_name":"Questionnaire","level":2,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70364389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18757","display_name":"Validity","level":3,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87858587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730675","display_name":"Quantitative research","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019714060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322514","display_name":"Validation test","level":4,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51082289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4113800","display_name":"Internal validity","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.24979999661445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.24469999969005585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.23720000684261322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73945780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814232","display_name":"Survey methodology","level":2,"score":0.22789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.22339999675750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.22290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992404031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203526","display_name":"Pilot test","level":2,"score":0.22200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116211729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350","display_name":"Test validity","level":3,"score":0.22010000050067902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994008635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730675","display_name":"Quantitative methodology","level":2,"score":0.219200000166893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95986675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185168","display_name":"Quantitative analysis (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.218299999833107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.2142000049352646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.21379999816417694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.21369999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.2093999981880188}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.www.scientificia.com:article/230","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://scientificia.com/index.php/JEBE/article/view/230","pdf_url":"http://scientificia.com/index.php/JEBE/article/download/230/224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402067","display_name":"Scientificia - Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2345-4695","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.www.scientificia.com:article/230","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://scientificia.com/index.php/JEBE/article/view/230","pdf_url":"http://scientificia.com/index.php/JEBE/article/download/230/224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402067","display_name":"Scientificia - Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2345-4695","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7014780709.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7014780709.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061935394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165490242","https://openalex.org/W3089009864","https://openalex.org/W2949189536","https://openalex.org/W4385069560","https://openalex.org/W7219481961","https://openalex.org/W6907438879","https://openalex.org/W4390724449","https://openalex.org/W7093295206","https://openalex.org/W2806378996","https://openalex.org/W4405296628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"it":[1,79],"comes":[2],"to":[3,30,57,65,83,91,126,187],"producing":[4],"meaningful":[5],"and":[6,11,32,39,61,87,105,118,129,146,158,167,207,218],"trustworthy":[7],"research,":[8,78],"ensuring":[9],"validity":[10],"reliability":[12],"is":[13,20,80],"absolutely":[14],"essential,":[15],"no":[16],"matter":[17],"which":[18],"methodology":[19],"used.":[21],"This":[22],"article":[23,133],"brings":[24],"together":[25],"practical":[26],"advice":[27],"on":[28,48],"how":[29,93],"design":[31],"assess":[33],"questionnaires":[34],"effectively":[35],"for":[36,99],"both":[37,103],"quantitative":[38,77],"qualitative":[40,110],"studies.":[41],"It":[42],"highlights":[43],"the":[44,59,68,72,95,109,115,164],"value":[45,169],"of":[46,170,215],"relying":[47],"well-established":[49],"scales":[50,96],"with":[51,211],"proven":[52],"reliability,":[53],"running":[54],"pilot":[55],"tests":[56],"perfect":[58],"instruments,":[60],"consulting":[62],"subject-matter":[63],"experts":[64],"make":[66],"sure":[67],"questions":[69],"truly":[70],"reflect":[71],"concepts":[73],"being":[74,112],"measured.":[75],"In":[76],"especially":[81],"important":[82],"check":[84],"internal":[85],"consistency":[86],"apply":[88],"statistical":[89],"techniques":[90],"test":[92],"well":[94],"perform,":[97],"aiming":[98],"results":[100],"that":[101],"are":[102,124],"solid":[104],"broadly":[106],"applicable.":[107],"On":[108],"side,":[111],"transparent":[113],"about":[114],"research":[116,171],"process":[117],"staying":[119],"reflective":[120],"as":[121,140,193],"a":[122,153],"researcher":[123],"key":[125],"building":[127],"trust":[128],"reducing":[130],"bias.":[131],"The":[132],"also":[134],"encourages":[135],"blending":[136],"methods":[137],"when":[138],"appropriate,":[139],"this":[141,188],"can":[142,161],"provide":[143],"richer":[144],"data":[145],"help":[147],"confirm":[148],"findings":[149],"through":[150],"triangulation.":[151],"Ultimately,":[152],"thoughtfully":[154],"designed":[155],"questionnaire,":[156],"tested":[157],"validated":[159],"properly,":[160],"significantly":[162],"improve":[163],"strength,":[165],"credibility,":[166],"overall":[168],"across":[172],"various":[173],"fields.":[174],"Research":[175],"Paper":[176],"Keywords:":[177],"Questionnaire":[178,180,205],"Validity,":[179],"Reliability,":[181],"Quantitative":[182],"Study,":[183],"Qualitative":[184],"Study":[185],"Reference":[186],"paper":[189],"should":[190],"be":[191],"made":[192],"follows:":[194],"Hossan,":[195],"D.,":[196],"Wolfs,":[197],"B.,":[198],"Suraiya,":[199],"N.E.J.,":[200],"&":[201],"Petkovic,":[202],"M.":[203],"(2025).":[204],"Validity":[206],"Reliability:":[208],"A":[209],"Review":[210],"Practical":[212],"Guidelines.":[213],"Journal":[214],"Entrepreneurship,":[216],"Business":[217],"Economics,":[219],"13(1),":[220],"135\u2013186.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
