{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7008028832","doi":null,"title":"The Application of the Transtheoretical Model of Change to Self-care Behaviors in Type 2 Diabetics","display_name":"The Application of the Transtheoretical Model of Change to Self-care Behaviors in Type 2 Diabetics","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7008028832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsrepository.llu.edu:etd-2344","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196700","display_name":"The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26347476","host_organization_name":"Loma Linda University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057638726","display_name":"Heather N. Mercer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mercer, Heather N.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057638726"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52960657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.08579999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transtheoretical-model","display_name":"transtheoretical model","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-self-care","display_name":"diabetes self-care","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stages-of-change","display_name":"stages of change","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-monitoring-of-blood-glucose","display_name":"self-monitoring of blood glucose","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diet","display_name":"diet","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-management","display_name":"weight management","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-efficacy","display_name":"self-efficacy","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-knowledge","display_name":"diabetes knowledge","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes-toward-diabetes","display_name":"attitudes toward diabetes","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-well-being","display_name":"psychological well-being","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidisciplinary-intervention","display_name":"multidisciplinary intervention","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-behavior-change","display_name":"health behavior change","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-fitness","display_name":"physical fitness","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation","display_name":"smoking cessation","score":0.7289999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777048351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495240","display_name":"Transtheoretical model","level":3,"score":0.9685999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.7957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5241000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14262774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880695","display_name":"Behavior change","level":2,"score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779524580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927806","display_name":"Blood glucose monitoring","level":3,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544821477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718113","display_name":"Weight loss","level":3,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34320749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087302","display_name":"Weight management","level":4,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020759390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880694","display_name":"Behaviour change","level":3,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019408017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Weight control","level":3,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017894415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7979883","display_name":"Weight change","level":4,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776217022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1100933","display_name":"Diabetes management","level":4,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983876825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9332","display_name":"Health behavior","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsrepository.llu.edu:etd-2344","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196700","display_name":"The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26347476","host_organization_name":"Loma Linda University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2319331513","https://openalex.org/W4392397153","https://openalex.org/W2126774784","https://openalex.org/W7123363996","https://openalex.org/W2182209994","https://openalex.org/W3032510970","https://openalex.org/W2014035939","https://openalex.org/W1493639900","https://openalex.org/W2009679743","https://openalex.org/W2005893050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background.":[0],"The":[1,46,93,324],"Transtheoretical":[2],"Model":[3],"of":[4,13,41,48,56,58,83,97,114,142,251,288,314,326,332,348,353],"Change":[5],"(TTM)":[6],"has":[7,19,30],"been":[8,33],"investigated":[9,34],"as":[10,35,361],"a":[11,78,81,161],"model":[12],"health":[14,73,130,321],"behavior":[15],"change;":[16],"however,":[17,256],"it":[18,36],"only":[20],"begun":[21],"to":[22,38,52,118,168,334,350],"gain":[23],"recognition":[24],"in":[25,146,155,160,166,179,187,195,242,277,355],"the":[26,39,54,147,156,180,188,196,200,243,264,278,308,330],"diabetic":[27],"population,":[28],"and":[29,66,69,72,108,126,129,140,153,184,193,224,282,297,312,359],"not":[31,234],"yet":[32],"relates":[37],"full-spectrum":[40],"diabetes":[42,90,252,336],"self-care":[43,62,100,302,309,354],"behaviors.":[44,340],"Purpose.":[45],"purpose":[47],"this":[49,327],"study":[50,328],"was":[51,204],"compare":[53],"pattern":[55],"stages":[57,96,182,190,280],"change":[59,98],"across":[60,301,338],"four":[61],"behaviors":[63,101,303],"between":[64],"intervention":[65,157,164,197,244],"control":[67,148,201],"groups,":[68],"examine":[70],"psychosocial":[71,111,266],"outcome":[74],"variables.":[75],"Method.":[76],"In":[77],"cross-sectional":[79],"design,":[80],"sample":[82],"132":[84],"adult":[85],"subjects":[86,178,276],"with":[87,319,357],"type":[88],"2":[89],"completed":[91],"surveys.":[92],"survey":[94],"assessed":[95],"among":[99],"(self-":[102],"monitoring":[103,217],"blood":[104,215,315],"glucose,":[105],"diet,":[106],"exercise,":[107],"weight":[109,225,305],"management),":[110],"variables":[112,267],"(understanding":[113],"diabetes,":[115,120,123,289,296,356],"self-efficacy,":[116,291],"ability":[117],"manage":[119],"attitude":[121],"toward":[122,295],"mental":[124,299],"well-being,":[125],"social":[127],"support),":[128],"outcomes":[131],"(blood":[132],"glucose":[133,216,316],"level,":[134],"BMI,":[135],"fitness,":[136],"perceived":[137],"physical":[138],"health,":[139],"number":[141],"diabetes-related":[143],"symptoms).":[144],"Subjects":[145],"group":[149,158,198,245],"received":[150],"standard":[151,169],"care,":[152],"those":[154],"participated":[159],"three-day,":[162],"multi-disciplinary":[163],"program":[165],"addition":[167],"care.":[170],"Results.":[171],"1)":[172],"Treatment":[173],"differences.":[174],"There":[175],"were":[176,258,317],"more":[177,292],"action":[181],"(action":[183,281],"maintenance)":[185,283],"than":[186,199],"pre-action":[189],"(precontemplation,":[191],"contemplation,":[192],"preparation)":[194],"group.":[202],"This":[203],"statistically":[205],"significant":[206,260],"for":[207,235,263],"diet":[208],"(71%":[209],"vs.":[210,219,228,238],"26%,":[211],"p":[212,221,230],"<":[213,222,231,254],".001),":[214],"(79%":[218],"58%,":[220],".01),":[223],"management":[226],"(31%":[227],"19%,":[229],".05),":[232],"but":[233],"exercise":[236,311,358],"(45%":[237],"61%,":[239],"n.s.).":[240],"Those":[241],"also":[246],"had":[247],"significantly":[248,285],"better":[249,290,298,320],"understanding":[250,287,335],"(p":[253],".01);":[255],"there":[257],"no":[259],"differences":[261],"found":[262],"other":[265],"measured.":[268],"2)":[269],"Stage":[270],"patterns.":[271],"With":[272],"treatment":[273],"groups":[274],"combined,":[275],"higher":[279],"demonstrated":[284],"greater":[286],"positive":[293],"attitudes":[294],"well-being":[300],"excluding":[304],"management.":[306],"Of":[307],"behaviors,":[310],"self-monitoring":[313],"linked":[318],"outcomes.":[322],"Conclusions.":[323],"results":[325],"support":[329],"application":[331],"TTM":[333,349],"self-management":[337],"several":[339],"More":[341],"research":[342],"is":[343],"needed":[344],"applying":[345],"all":[346],"constructs":[347],"different":[351],"aspects":[352],"smoking":[360],"key":[362],"components.":[363]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
