{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6999747473","doi":null,"title":"Directing Attention in Second Language Phonological Contrast Learning","display_name":"Directing Attention in Second Language Phonological Contrast Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6999747473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:etd-10778","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/9581","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10778&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10778&context=etd","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025291881","display_name":"Laura Conover","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Conover, Laura","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025291881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attentional-control","display_name":"attentional control","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-function","display_name":"executive function","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-learning","display_name":"statistical learning","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences-in-language-learning","display_name":"individual differences in language learning","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-network","display_name":"attentional networks","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alerting","display_name":"alerting","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orienting","display_name":"orienting","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phoneme-perception","display_name":"phoneme perception","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7451000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.6365000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.6028000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777379011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938545","display_name":"Implicit learning","level":3,"score":0.5375999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987567764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125421","display_name":"Second language","level":2,"score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991789358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133500","display_name":"Incidental learning","level":2,"score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982736386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Statistical learning","level":2,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986548447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939179","display_name":"Word learning","level":3,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018469783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130192","display_name":"English as a second language","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94922259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33215","display_name":"Constructed language","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170350167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455178","display_name":"Second-language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10431821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510174","display_name":"Learning effect","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:etd-10778","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/9581","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10778&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"dissertation"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:etd-10778","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/9581","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10778&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W6999747473.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W6999747473.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079133310","https://openalex.org/W2101947490","https://openalex.org/W2196900780","https://openalex.org/W2520380456","https://openalex.org/W2897312833","https://openalex.org/W4237454773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381715529","https://openalex.org/W2477012804","https://openalex.org/W4381470599","https://openalex.org/W7118456842","https://openalex.org/W6982432397","https://openalex.org/W2248701453","https://openalex.org/W7815597","https://openalex.org/W3146420912","https://openalex.org/W7000166857","https://openalex.org/W7097746734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Why":[0],"are":[1,104,339,347],"some":[2],"people":[3],"better":[4,340,348,362,391],"at":[5,25,38],"learning":[6,51,173,199,222,277,383],"new":[7],"languages":[8],"than":[9],"others?":[10],"There":[11],"is":[12],"a":[13,74,171,195,308,321],"rich":[14],"body":[15],"of":[16,28,43,52,58,96,122,194,206,281,298,356],"research":[17],"examining":[18,46],"this":[19,59],"issue":[20],"from":[21,251,373],"multiple":[22],"perspectives":[23],"and":[24,78,100,156,165,201,255,290,294,316,320,328,389],"all":[26],"levels":[27],"language.":[29],"This":[30],"study":[31,60,129],"attempts":[32],"to":[33,35,62,148,179,185,216,220,230,245,267,342,350,367,370,377,379],"add":[34],"that":[36,83,336],"knowledge":[37],"the":[39,50,86,97,128,131,150,162,168,181,189,207,221,247,269,276,282,384],"most":[40],"fundamental":[41],"level":[42],"language":[44],"by":[45,110,115],"potential":[47],"influences":[48],"on":[49,188,214,392],"novel":[53,352],"phoneme":[54,353],"contrasts.":[55],"The":[56,137,191,224,279,302],"purpose":[57],"was":[61,146,264],"explore":[63],"whether":[64,79],"individual":[65],"differences":[66],"in":[67,175,272],"attentional":[68,152,345],"capabilities":[69],"would":[70,84],"help":[71,90],"adults":[72,126],"learn":[73,351],"non-native":[75],"phonological":[76],"contrast,":[77,167],"providing":[80],"explicit":[81,212,374],"directions":[82],"guide":[85],"learners\u2019":[87],"attention":[88],"could":[89],"boost":[91],"their":[92,252,256,344,381],"performance.":[93],"VCV":[94],"recordings":[95],"Thai":[98,118,163],"/p/":[99,164],"/b/":[101,109,166],"phonemes,":[102],"which":[103,176],"often":[105],"both":[106],"heard":[107,184],"as":[108,376],"English":[111],"speakers,":[112],"were":[113,210,228,234,243],"provided":[114],"four":[116],"native":[117],"speakers.":[119],"A":[120,259],"total":[121],"57":[123],"monolingual":[124],"English-speaking":[125],"completed":[127],"through":[130],"Gorilla":[132],"online":[133],"experimental":[134,257,291,317],"platform":[135],"(www.gorilla.sc).":[136],"Attention":[138],"Network":[139],"Test":[140],"(ANT;":[141],"Fan,":[142],"et":[143],"al,":[144],"2002)":[145],"used":[147],"assess":[149],"three":[151],"networks:":[153],"Alerting,":[154],"Orienting,":[155],"Executive":[157,288,299,313,326,363],"Function.":[158],"To":[159],"teach":[160],"them":[161],"participants":[169,208,226],"underwent":[170],"statistical":[172],"paradigm":[174,192],"they":[177,183],"had":[178],"match":[180],"sound":[182],"an":[186],"image":[187],"screen.":[190],"consisted":[193],"40-question":[196,202],"pretest,":[197],"480-trial":[198],"phase,":[200],"posttest.":[203],"Approximately":[204],"half":[205],"(n=30)":[209],"given":[211,235],"instruction":[213],"what":[215],"listen":[217,231],"for":[218],"prior":[219],"phase.":[223,278],"other":[225],"(n=27)":[227],"told":[229],"carefully":[232],"but":[233],"no":[236],"specific":[237],"direction.":[238],"Generalized":[239],"linear":[240,260,303],"models":[241],"(GLM)":[242],"fit":[244,266],"predict":[246],"participants\u2019":[248,270],"posttest":[249],"scores":[250],"ANT":[253],"subscores":[254],"group.":[258],"mixed":[261,304],"effects":[262,297,305],"model":[263,306],"also":[265],"describe":[268],"performance":[271],"each":[273],"block":[274,329],"during":[275],"results":[280,334],"GLM":[283],"showed":[284,307],"significant":[285,295,309,322],"interactions":[286],"between":[287,312,325],"Function":[289,300,327,364],"group":[292,318],"(p=0.0398)":[293],"main":[296],"(p=0.0209).":[301],"three-way":[310],"interaction":[311,324],"Function,":[314],"block,":[315],"(p=0.00363)":[319],"two-way":[323],"(p=0.00567).":[330],"Taken":[331],"together,":[332],"these":[333],"imply":[335],"individuals":[337,360],"who":[338],"able":[341,349,369],"control":[343],"focus":[346],"contrasts":[354],"regardless":[355],"instruction.":[357],"In":[358],"addition,":[359],"with":[361],"abilities":[365],"seem":[366],"be":[368],"benefit":[371],"more":[372,387],"instructions":[375],"where":[378],"direct":[380],"attention,":[382],"target":[385],"contrast":[386],"quickly":[388],"performing":[390],"perceptual":[393],"tasks.":[394]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
