{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6996969788","doi":null,"title":"Teen Childbearing and Human Capital: Does Timing Matter?","display_name":"Teen Childbearing and Human Capital: Does Timing Matter?","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6996969788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.199.22","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.199.22","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.econ.washington.edu/user/lundberg/Timing.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daniel Klepinger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Klepinger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shelly Lundberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shelly Lundberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017793377","display_name":"Robert D. Plotnick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Plotnick","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77067729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":0.2842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":0.2842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.266400009393692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.21089999377727509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teenage-childbearing","display_name":"teenage childbearing","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertility-control","display_name":"fertility control","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-mothers","display_name":"adolescent mothers","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-school-graduation","display_name":"high school graduation","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-attendance","display_name":"college attendance","score":0.8700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518429986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Fertility","level":3,"score":0.7583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.6420999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171525042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6974212","display_name":"National Longitudinal Surveys","level":2,"score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11920938","display_name":"Marital status","level":3,"score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777169553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7130814","display_name":"Panel Study of Income Dynamics","level":2,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1691868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1811049","display_name":"Life course approach","level":2,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37512671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203516","display_name":"Birth rate","level":4,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160050368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132453","display_name":"Developed country","level":3,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909158981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535691","display_name":"Teen pregnancy","level":3,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017614220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8434","display_name":"Formal education","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28401147","display_name":"Black women","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47122089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285897","display_name":"Total fertility rate","level":5,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994448600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Human fertility","level":4,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777048804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6971462","display_name":"National Child Development Study","level":4,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984063382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080794","display_name":"School education","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.199.22","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.199.22","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.econ.washington.edu/user/lundberg/Timing.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7046705393","https://openalex.org/W2170879152","https://openalex.org/W1795097354","https://openalex.org/W4243374904","https://openalex.org/W2130089874","https://openalex.org/W7098488156","https://openalex.org/W2293270930","https://openalex.org/W2148416343","https://openalex.org/W1619172773","https://openalex.org/W2168745937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"reviewers":[0],"who":[1],"provided":[2],"helpful":[3],"comments":[4],"on":[5,79,154],"an":[6],"earlier":[7],"version":[8],"of":[9,41,45,54,57,70,73,99,115,147],"the":[10,27,55,71,86,138],"paper.":[11],"Teen":[12],"Childbearing":[13],"and":[14,25,35,51,59,81,102,110,117,126,184,202],"Human":[15],"Capital:":[16],"Does":[17],"Timing":[18],"Matter?":[19],"In":[20,140],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"we":[23,88,142],"model":[24],"estimate":[26],"relationship":[28],"between":[29],"teenage":[30,91,208],"childbearing":[31,92,209],"at":[32,76,93],"different":[33,77],"ages":[34,78,152],"human":[36],"capital":[37],"investment.":[38],"Taking":[39],"advantage":[40],"a":[42,148,199],"large":[43],"set":[44],"potential":[46],"instruments":[47],"for":[48,107,123],"fertility--principally":[49],"state":[50],"county-level":[52],"indicators":[53],"costs":[56],"fertility":[58,60,75],"control-we":[61],"use":[62],"instrumental":[63],"variables":[64],"procedures":[65],"to":[66,175,188,212],"generate":[67],"unbiased":[68],"estimates":[69],"effects":[72,114,167],"early":[74,103,116,127,160],"education":[80,101,125,155],"work.":[82],"Using":[83],"data":[84],"from":[85,177],"NLSY,":[87],"find":[89,143],"that":[90,194,203,206],"any":[94],"age":[95],"substantially":[96],"reduces":[97],"years":[98],"formal":[100],"adult":[104,128],"work":[105,129,157],"experience":[106],"both":[108,124],"black":[109],"white":[111],"women.":[112],"The":[113],"later":[118],"teen":[119,161,170,182,196,200],"births":[120],"are":[121,132,172,185,210],"similar":[122],"experience.":[130,158],"There":[131],"no":[133,144],"important":[134],"racial":[135],"differences":[136],"in":[137],"effects.":[139],"contrast,":[141],"significant":[145],"impact":[146],"first":[149],"birth":[150,162,197],"during":[151],"20-24":[153],"or":[156],"An":[159],"fails":[163],"have":[164,213],"stronger":[165],"detrimental":[166],"because":[168],"younger":[169],"mothers":[171],"as":[173,180],"likely":[174,211],"graduate":[176],"high":[178],"school":[179],"older":[181],"mothers,":[183],"equally":[186],"unlikely":[187],"attend":[189],"college.":[190],"Our":[191],"results":[192],"suggest":[193],"\u201ca":[195],"is":[198],"birth\u201d,":[201],"public":[204],"policies":[205],"reduce":[207],"positive":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2025-10-27T00:00:00"}
