{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6990920931","doi":null,"title":"Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and the Racial Multiplier: Clinical Implications and Current Attitudes","display_name":"Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and the Racial Multiplier: Clinical Implications and Current Attitudes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6990920931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholars.unh.edu:honors-1555","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/556","pdf_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/556","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196362","display_name":"University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I179093154","host_organization_name":"University of New Hampshire at Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179093154"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Honors Theses and Capstones","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/556","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Spooner, Brittney A.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Spooner, Brittney A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences University of New Hampshire"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences University of New Hampshire","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate","display_name":"estimated glomerular filtration rate","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egfr-equations","display_name":"eGFR equations","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-creatinine","display_name":"serum creatinine","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-professionals-attitudes","display_name":"clinician attitudes","score":0.7649999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7027000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.41429999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780306776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426660","display_name":"Creatinine","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholars.unh.edu:honors-1555","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/556","pdf_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/556","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196362","display_name":"University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I179093154","host_organization_name":"University of New Hampshire at Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179093154"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Honors Theses and Capstones","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholars.unh.edu:honors-1555","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/556","pdf_url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/556","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196362","display_name":"University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I179093154","host_organization_name":"University of New Hampshire at Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179093154"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Honors Theses and Capstones","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W6990920931.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W6990920931.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17274156","https://openalex.org/W1550111394","https://openalex.org/W1633229201","https://openalex.org/W1694817853","https://openalex.org/W1950934168","https://openalex.org/W1988131900","https://openalex.org/W1991603503","https://openalex.org/W1999580091","https://openalex.org/W2005046996","https://openalex.org/W2012532020","https://openalex.org/W2015347565","https://openalex.org/W2022638262","https://openalex.org/W2023875393","https://openalex.org/W2031017520","https://openalex.org/W2036407097","https://openalex.org/W2039665847","https://openalex.org/W2042548492","https://openalex.org/W2043821481","https://openalex.org/W2045181376","https://openalex.org/W2047475839","https://openalex.org/W2050621432","https://openalex.org/W2055864845","https://openalex.org/W2073909080","https://openalex.org/W2074769157","https://openalex.org/W2081034676","https://openalex.org/W2081810385","https://openalex.org/W2084756246","https://openalex.org/W2106338189","https://openalex.org/W2110031681","https://openalex.org/W2112867103","https://openalex.org/W2118670131","https://openalex.org/W2119284279","https://openalex.org/W2129322604","https://openalex.org/W2135636054","https://openalex.org/W2136048895","https://openalex.org/W2145732657","https://openalex.org/W2151185534","https://openalex.org/W2151779473","https://openalex.org/W2152155489","https://openalex.org/W2153048862","https://openalex.org/W2156869640","https://openalex.org/W2158591705","https://openalex.org/W2165666550","https://openalex.org/W2295381510","https://openalex.org/W2328620701","https://openalex.org/W2332526474","https://openalex.org/W2335730662","https://openalex.org/W2336932628","https://openalex.org/W2355660319","https://openalex.org/W2414247866","https://openalex.org/W2496133752","https://openalex.org/W2507904988","https://openalex.org/W2513193132","https://openalex.org/W2527294640","https://openalex.org/W2569519202","https://openalex.org/W2586566237","https://openalex.org/W2593463411","https://openalex.org/W2730290999","https://openalex.org/W2743263207","https://openalex.org/W2744698933","https://openalex.org/W2748622670","https://openalex.org/W2770935262","https://openalex.org/W2788944564","https://openalex.org/W2790204264","https://openalex.org/W2792530251","https://openalex.org/W2805564751","https://openalex.org/W2884072171","https://openalex.org/W2889814656","https://openalex.org/W2903526235","https://openalex.org/W2921463963","https://openalex.org/W2949004837","https://openalex.org/W2986865291","https://openalex.org/W2998840667","https://openalex.org/W3017137451","https://openalex.org/W3040820262","https://openalex.org/W3043710988","https://openalex.org/W3092668967","https://openalex.org/W4229508150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396998371","https://openalex.org/W3092668967","https://openalex.org/W4386609191","https://openalex.org/W3132651251","https://openalex.org/W4200061700","https://openalex.org/W4391048793","https://openalex.org/W4396992834","https://openalex.org/W3135042480","https://openalex.org/W3109837470","https://openalex.org/W4206260741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chronic":[0],"kidney":[1,76],"disease":[2],"(CKD)":[3],"is":[4,19,32,192],"associated":[5],"with":[6,187],"high":[7,13],"morbidity":[8],"and":[9,11,14,94,138,230],"mortality":[10],"has":[12],"increasing":[15],"incidence":[16],"worldwide.":[17],"CKD":[18,172],"characterized":[20],"by":[21,157],"a":[22,52,60,71,81,95,155,162,167,194,201],"reduction":[23],"in":[24,74,179,200],"glomerular":[25,38],"filtration":[26,39],"rate":[27,40],"(GFR),":[28],"but":[29],"as":[30,51,164],"GFR":[31],"difficult":[33],"to":[34,46,118,212,220],"measure":[35,47],"directly,":[36],"estimated":[37],"(eGFR)":[41],"equations":[42,58],"have":[43],"been":[44],"created":[45],"serum":[48],"creatinine":[49],"levels":[50],"function":[53],"of":[54,67,104,110,154,171,177,182,206,232,242],"GFR.":[55],"Some":[56],"eGFR":[57,66,153],"contain":[59],"racial":[61,106,136,149,184,208,225,237],"multiplier":[62,112,137,150,209,238],"that":[63,84,97,124,133,190],"increases":[64,151],"the":[65,88,91,105,111,114,131,135,148,152,180,183,188,207,236],"black":[68],"patients,":[69],"causing":[70],"spurious":[72],"increase":[73],"reported":[75],"function.":[77],"This":[78],"study":[79],"included":[80],"literature":[82],"search":[83],"collected":[85],"information":[86,99],"on":[87,227],"rationale":[89],"behind":[90],"multipliers":[92],"usage":[93],"survey":[96,122],"gathered":[98],"about":[100,144],"healthcare":[101,142],"professionals\u2019":[102],"reception":[103],"multiplier\u2019s":[107],"use.":[108,146,244],"Use":[109],"across":[113,130],"globe":[115],"was":[116],"found":[117,123],"be":[119],"inconsistent.":[120],"The":[121,175,218],"there":[125],"are":[126],"many":[127],"hospital":[128],"systems":[129],"US":[132],"report":[134],"varying":[139],"opinions":[140],"among":[141],"providers":[143],"its":[145,198,243],"Applying":[147],"patient":[156,163],"16-21%,":[158],"which":[159],"may":[160],"categorize":[161],"being":[165],"at":[166],"less":[168],"severe":[169],"stage":[170],"than":[173],"appropriate.":[174],"lack":[176,231],"consistency":[178],"application":[181],"multiplier,":[185],"coupled":[186],"understanding":[189],"race":[191],"not":[193],"biological":[195,228],"characteristic,":[196],"contraindicates":[197],"inclusion":[199],"diagnostic":[202],"algorithm.":[203],"Inappropriate":[204],"use":[205],"causes":[210],"delay":[211],"necessary":[213],"treatments":[214],"for":[215,240],"affected":[216],"patients.":[217],"inability":[219],"sort":[221],"people":[222],"into":[223],"discrete":[224],"categories":[226],"lines":[229],"studies":[233],"definitively":[234],"supporting":[235],"calls":[239],"reevaluation":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
