{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6990844442","doi":null,"title":"Electronic commerce, international trade and employment: review of the issues","display_name":"Electronic commerce, international trade and employment: review of the issues","publication_year":null,"publication_date":null,"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6990844442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ecr:col896:28809","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/28809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"-","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"-","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14139","display_name":"E-commerce and Technology Innovations","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14139","display_name":"E-commerce and Technology Innovations","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.023499999195337296,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14503","display_name":"Globalization, Economics, and Policies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-commerce","display_name":"e-commerce","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"international trade","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-effects","display_name":"employment effects","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-divide","display_name":"digital divide","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ict-sector","display_name":"ICT sector","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-creation-and-destruction","display_name":"job creation and destruction","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-readiness","display_name":"e-readiness","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-gap","display_name":"technology gap","score":0.5410000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.647599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6036999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187452473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2897903","display_name":"Goods and services","level":2,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78597825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484847","display_name":"E-commerce","level":2,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775906015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224899","display_name":"Digital goods","level":2,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173655357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244752","display_name":"Digital divide","level":3,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203043789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138461","display_name":"Digital economy","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779928471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513555","display_name":"Level playing field","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153693270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194980","display_name":"Intangible good","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986112872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Electronic communication","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778132726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096872","display_name":"Digital Revolution","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ecr:col896:28809","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/28809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019459658","https://openalex.org/W4361196346","https://openalex.org/W4385779299","https://openalex.org/W3017482772","https://openalex.org/W3185020117","https://openalex.org/W2970564567","https://openalex.org/W7217851797","https://openalex.org/W7217822155","https://openalex.org/W6893056439","https://openalex.org/W3099870061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electronic":[0,58,107],"commerce":[1,59,108,229,253],"is":[2,109,219,235,242],"a":[3,157,177],"relatively":[4],"new":[5],"phenomenon.":[6],"Its":[7],"rapid":[8],"expansion":[9],"since":[10,222],"the":[11,17,32,45,61,70,97,125,132,145,162,174,201,205,225,267,271,277,282,287],"mid-1990s":[12],"has":[13,39],"drawn":[14],"attention":[15],"to":[16,31,44,65,84,94,111,204,238],"impact":[18,206,226,288],"it":[19,92],"will":[20,121,137,172,183,199],"have":[21],"on":[22,170,209,216,230,266,291],"promoting":[23],"trade,":[24],"economic":[25,231],"growth":[26,268],"and":[27,54,60,74,87,89,100,113,116,127,142,150,182,212,232,254,270,293],"development.":[28],"In":[29],"addition":[30],"many":[33],"benefits":[34],"associated":[35],"with":[36,286],"e-commerce,":[37],"concern":[38],"been":[40],"rising":[41],"in":[42,124,161,276],"regards":[43],"widening":[46],"technological":[47],"gap,":[48],"'The":[49],"digital":[50],"divide'":[51],"among":[52],"countries":[53],"sectors":[55],"within":[56],"countries.":[57],"Internet":[62,98],"are":[63,154],"posed":[64],"stimulate":[66],"trade":[67,211,292],"by":[68,80,90,184],"lowering":[69],"cost":[71],"of":[72,135,152,159,164,176,180,207,224,227,251,274,289],"gathering":[73],"processing":[75],"information":[76,126],"from":[77],"distant":[78],"markets,":[79],"creating":[81],"global":[82],"access":[83],"specific":[85],"goods":[86,99],"services":[88,101],"making":[91],"possible":[93],"send":[95],"over":[96],"that":[102,263],"traditionally":[103],"required":[104],"physical":[105],"delivery.":[106],"expected":[110,155],"directly":[112],"indirectly":[114],"create":[115],"destroy":[117],"jobs.":[118],"New":[119],"jobs":[120,136,153],"be":[122,173,187],"generated":[123],"communication":[128],"technologies":[129],"sector,":[130],"while":[131],"indirect":[133],"creation":[134],"occur":[138],"via":[139],"increased":[140],"demand":[141],"productivity.":[143],"At":[144],"same":[146],"time,":[147],"some":[148,261],"reallocation":[149],"destruction":[151],"as":[156,244],"consequence":[158],"changes":[160],"way":[163],"doing":[165],"business.":[166],"The":[167,240],"net":[168],"effect":[169],"employment":[171],"resultant":[175],"complex":[178],"set":[179],"interactions":[181],"no":[185],"means":[186],"uniform":[188],"across":[189],"countries,":[190],"geographic":[191],"areas,":[192],"industries":[193],"or":[194],"skill":[195],"groups.":[196],"This":[197],"paper":[198,241],"review":[200],"issues":[202,218,284],"relevant":[203,283],"e-commerce":[208,269,290],"international":[210],"employment.":[213,294],"Any":[214],"discussion":[215],"these":[217],"necessarily":[220],"tentative":[221],"evidence":[223],"electronic":[228,252],"social":[233],"processes":[234],"only":[236],"beginning":[237],"accumulate.":[239],"organized":[243],"follows:":[245],"Section":[246,258,279,295],"I,":[247],"provides":[248],"an":[249],"overview":[250],"its":[255],"economy-wide":[256],"effects.":[257],"II,":[259],"includes":[260],"indicators":[262],"shed":[264],"light":[265],"overall":[272],"state":[273],"e-readiness":[275],"region.":[278],"III,":[280],"highlights":[281],"dealing":[285],"IV,":[296],"presents":[297],"concluding":[298],"remarks.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T06:03:36.439944","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}