{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6987877205","doi":null,"title":"Universal Dependencies v1: A Multilingual Treebank Collection","display_name":"Universal Dependencies v1: A Multilingual Treebank Collection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6987877205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.utupub.fi:10024/157466","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.utupub.fi/handle/10024/157466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402470","display_name":"UTUPub (University of Turku)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","host_organization_name":"University of Turku","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ryan McDonald","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046006076","display_name":"Christopher D. Manning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-649X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-649X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Manning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jan Hajic","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Hajic","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Filip Ginter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filip Ginter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113023938","display_name":"Natalia Silveira","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Silveira","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066925770","display_name":"Sampo Pyysalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-5000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-5000"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sampo Pyysalo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062886906","display_name":"Slav Petrov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-4861","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-4861"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slav Petrov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028476919","display_name":"Yoav Goldberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-829X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-829X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoav Goldberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061392927","display_name":"Daniel Zeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-6568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-6568"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Zeman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026817367","display_name":"Joakim Nivre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-3971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-3971"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joakim Nivre","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112862689","display_name":"Marie-Catherine de Marneffe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie-Catherine de Marneffe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063283689","display_name":"Reut Tsarfaty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-6568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-6568"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reut Tsarfaty","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23189459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13623","display_name":"Linguistic Studies and Language Acquisition","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-dependencies","display_name":"Universal Dependencies","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treebank","display_name":"treebank","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency-grammar","display_name":"dependency grammar","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-linguistic-consistency","display_name":"cross-linguistic consistency","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation-guidelines","display_name":"annotation guidelines","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-lingual-learning","display_name":"cross-lingual learning","score":0.7519999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206134035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811525","display_name":"Treebank","level":3,"score":0.9742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.760200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7196000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6854000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30081","display_name":"Multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.24250000715255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.23800000548362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986991398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntactic structure","level":3,"score":0.23680000007152557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.23280000686645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993776861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Open domain","level":3,"score":0.21559999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.21439999341964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.2062000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.2045000046491623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.20399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.19110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780922921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255189","display_name":"Paraphrase","level":2,"score":0.18960000574588776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22367795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625208","display_name":"Structured prediction","level":2,"score":0.1891999989748001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80864568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q950464","display_name":"Comparative method","level":2,"score":0.1808999925851822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985727698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Semantic annotation","level":3,"score":0.17919999361038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.17900000512599945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.1768999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.17030000686645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.16500000655651093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94922259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33215","display_name":"Constructed language","level":2,"score":0.16349999606609344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781020372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533093","display_name":"On the fly","level":2,"score":0.1607999950647354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.1581999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.15770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629608","display_name":"Syllabic verse","level":2,"score":0.1573999971151352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.15389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.15379999577999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.15330000221729279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.15320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2474386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461183","display_name":"Text corpus","level":2,"score":0.1509999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.15039999783039093}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:www.utupub.fi:10024/157466","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.utupub.fi/handle/10024/157466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402470","display_name":"UTUPub (University of Turku)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","host_organization_name":"University of Turku","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.7885621190071106}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7082412267","https://openalex.org/W3018647120","https://openalex.org/W2917296048","https://openalex.org/W2989174482","https://openalex.org/W7081587516","https://openalex.org/W1909180194","https://openalex.org/W331019419","https://openalex.org/W3087998339","https://openalex.org/W2758862336","https://openalex.org/W4312623269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cross-linguistically":[0],"consistent":[1,35],"annotation":[2,37],"is":[3,14,27],"necessary":[4],"for":[5,17,38,65],"sound":[6],"comparative":[7,22],"evaluation":[8],"and":[9,21,60],"cross-lingual":[10],"learning":[11],"experiments.":[12],"It":[13],"also":[15],"useful":[16],"multilingual":[18],"system":[19],"development":[20],"linguistic":[23],"studies.":[24],"Universal":[25],"Dependencies":[26],"an":[28],"open":[29],"community":[30],"effort":[31],"to":[32],"create":[33],"cross-linguistically":[34],"treebank":[36],"many":[39],"languages":[40],"within":[41],"a":[42],"dependency-based":[43],"lexicalist":[44],"framework.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49],"describe":[50],"v1":[51],"of":[52],"the":[53,56,61],"universal":[54],"guidelines,":[55],"underlying":[57],"design":[58],"principles,":[59],"currently":[62],"available":[63],"treebanks":[64],"33":[66],"languages.":[67]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}