{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6987699050","doi":null,"title":"Toll-like receptors as transducer of inflammatory signals in glia: \\nthe astrocyte-microglia connection \\n","display_name":"Toll-like receptors as transducer of inflammatory signals in glia: \\nthe astrocyte-microglia connection \\n","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6987699050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it:7500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/7500/1/Marinelli_Carla_TESI.pdf","pdf_url":"http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/7500/1/Marinelli_Carla_TESI.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401344","display_name":"Padua@research (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Tesi di dottorato"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/7500/1/Marinelli_Carla_TESI.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103200171","display_name":"Carla Marinelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-6186","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-6186"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marinelli, Carla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Scienze del farmaco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Scienze del farmaco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103200171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44669743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11078","display_name":"Inflammasome and immune disorders","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll-like-receptors","display_name":"Toll-like receptors","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-inflammation","display_name":"glial inflammation","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocytes","display_name":"astrocytes","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglia","display_name":"microglia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglia-astrocyte-interaction","display_name":"astrocyte-microglia interaction","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr4","display_name":"TLR4","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr2","display_name":"TLR2","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr3","display_name":"TLR3","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipopolysaccharide","display_name":"lipopolysaccharide","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zymosan","display_name":"zymosan","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poly-i-c","display_name":"poly(I:C)","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-production","display_name":"cytokine production","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-1beta","display_name":"IL-1\u03b2","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-activation","display_name":"glial activation","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.8320000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779830541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622829","display_name":"Microglia","level":3,"score":0.8546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777542381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502961","display_name":"Astrocyte","level":3,"score":0.744700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.607699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.5623000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.5209000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92020748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420457","display_name":"Neurotrophin","level":3,"score":0.5110999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780884517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177105","display_name":"Neuroglia","level":3,"score":0.48559999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160539049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064187","display_name":"Neurotrophic factors","level":3,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2107291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14886885","display_name":"Mediator","level":2,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87753298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157137","display_name":"Neuroinflammation","level":3,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3083725","display_name":"Zymosan","level":3,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778754761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421804","display_name":"Lipopolysaccharide","level":2,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776070231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14914098","display_name":"TLR4","level":3,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48261664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14908218","display_name":"Gliogenesis","level":4,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908656565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4811564","display_name":"Astrocytosis","level":3,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13373296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421866","display_name":"Chemokine","level":3,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545706735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9404","display_name":"Nervous system","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57306754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1010629","display_name":"Purinergic receptor","level":3,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26702167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901988","display_name":"Metabotropic receptor","level":4,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4811564","display_name":"Astrogliosis","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777921445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203850","display_name":"Nervous tissue","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it:7500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/7500/1/Marinelli_Carla_TESI.pdf","pdf_url":"http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/7500/1/Marinelli_Carla_TESI.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401344","display_name":"Padua@research (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Tesi di dottorato"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it:7500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/7500/1/Marinelli_Carla_TESI.pdf","pdf_url":"http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/7500/1/Marinelli_Carla_TESI.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401344","display_name":"Padua@research (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Tesi di dottorato"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8352000117301941}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W6987699050.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W6987699050.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029991969","https://openalex.org/W2102770362"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2247630789","https://openalex.org/W2217432868","https://openalex.org/W2021897449","https://openalex.org/W2165413779","https://openalex.org/W2279255761","https://openalex.org/W2066384268","https://openalex.org/W2125760852","https://openalex.org/W1990713194","https://openalex.org/W4382395480","https://openalex.org/W7097832666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,223,307],"physiological":[1],"conditions":[2],"glia":[3,44,97],"in":[4,63,71,84,91,124,276,373,379,389,424,441],"the":[5,78,85,125,149,205,246,265,271,302,313,327,330,344,349,358,361,386,406,416,434,442,459,464,487],"central":[6],"nervous":[7,67],"system":[8,68,470],"(CNS)":[9],"can":[10,34,45],"produce":[11],"and":[12,20,55,70,106,127,133,172,188,194,218,243,353,364,492],"release":[13,107,244,460],"protective":[14],"factors":[15,22],"such":[16,50],"as":[17,51,108,110,114],"anti-oxidant":[18],"molecules":[19],"neurotrophic":[21],"(Sofroniew":[23],"et":[24,40],"al.,":[25,41],"2010).":[26],"Events":[27],"that":[28,253],"impinge":[29],"on":[30,103,270,326,348],"CNS":[31,86,501],"homeostatic":[32],"balance":[33],"induce":[35,210],"local":[36],"inflammatory":[37,305,387],"responses":[38,65,494],"(Carson":[39],"2006).":[42],"Reactive":[43],"participate":[46],"producing":[47],"pro-inflammatory":[48,322,410],"mediators":[49],"chemokines,":[52],"cytokines,":[53],"purines":[54],"free":[56],"radicals.":[57],"\\nToll-like":[58],"receptors":[59,269],"(TLRs)":[60],"are":[61,419],"involved":[62,123],"injury":[64],"of":[66,89,129,141,167,170,207,267,286,304,316,329,346,360,397,401,428,436,444,461],"tissue":[69],"neuropathic":[72],"pain.":[73],"Here":[74],"we":[75,263,310,384],"have":[76,370],"investigated":[77],"cross-talk":[79],"mechanisms":[80,489],"between":[81,451],"glial":[82],"cells":[83,403],"making":[87],"use":[88],"an":[90],"vitro":[92],"cellular":[93],"model,":[94],"evaluating":[95],"how":[96],"respond":[98,256],"to":[99,118,209,233,257,294,301,319,376,421,485],"TLR":[100,111,234,268,289,380,413,505],"agonists":[101,235],"based":[102],"cytokine":[104],"synthesis":[105],"well":[109],"mRNA/protein":[112],"expression":[113,198,266],"readouts.":[115],"\\nIn":[116],"order":[117],"analyze":[119],"specific":[120],"molecular":[121,488],"parameters":[122],"genesis":[126],"maintenance":[128],"inflammation,":[130,502],"purified":[131,154,225,317,368,398],"microglia":[132,171,208,254,399],"astrocyte-enriched":[134,239],"cultures":[135,152,166,229,392],"were":[136,153,230],"generated":[137],"from":[138,447],"cerebral":[139],"cortex":[140],"1-2":[142],"day-old":[143],"rat":[144],"pups.":[145],"For":[146],"some":[147],"experiments":[148],"enriched":[150,425],"astrocyte":[151,228,350,390],"by":[155,178,250,393,458],"treatment":[156,179],"with":[157,180,288,337,340],"L-leucyl-L-":[158],"leucine":[159],"methyl":[160],"ester":[161],"(L-LME),":[162],"which":[163],"selectively":[164],"depletes":[165],"microglia.":[168,430],"Activation":[169],"astrocytes":[173,318,369,426,445],"(\u00b1":[174],"L-LME)":[175],"was":[176,324,471],"achieved":[177],"lipopolysaccharide":[181],"(LPS,":[182],"TLR4":[183,347],"agonist);":[184],"zymosan":[185],"(TLR2":[186],"agonist)":[187,191],"poly(I:C)":[189],"(TLR3":[190],"for":[192,213],"6":[193,282],"24":[195,284],"hours.":[196],"\\nGene":[197],"analysis":[199,262,356],"(Real":[200],"Time-polymerase":[201],"chain":[202],"reaction)":[203],"revealed":[204,357],"ability":[206],"mRNA":[211],"coding":[212],"interleukin-1\u03b2":[214],"(IL-1\u03b2),":[215],"interleukin-6":[216],"(IL-6)":[217],"tumor":[219],"necrosis":[220],"factor-\u03b1":[221],"(TNF-\u03b1).":[222],"contrast,":[224],"(nominally":[226],"microglia-free)":[227],"not":[231,498],"responsive":[232],"\u2013":[236],"unlike":[237],"their":[238],"counterpart.":[240],"Mediator":[241],"production":[242,303],"into":[245,463],"culture":[247,465],"medium":[248],"(analysed":[249],"ELISA)":[251],"confirmed":[252],"themselves":[255],"pathogenic":[258,295],"stimuli.":[259],"Utilizing":[260],"flow-cytometric":[261],"evaluated":[264],"cell":[272,292,351,391,439,452],"surface":[273],"(TLR2/4)":[274],"or":[275,283,454],"endosomal":[277],"membranes":[278,453],"(TLR3)":[279],"after":[280,412],"1,":[281],"hours":[285],"stimulation":[287,336,415],"agonists.":[290],"\\nNon-neuronal":[291],"responsiveness":[293],"stimuli":[296],"is":[297],"almost":[298],"always":[299],"linked":[300],"mediators.":[306],"this":[308],"context":[309],"asked":[311],"if":[312],"apparent":[314],"inability":[315],"express":[320,409],"a":[321,341,467,481,508],"phenotype":[323],"dependent":[325],"absence":[328],"relevant":[331],"TLR.":[332],"Using":[333],"confocal":[334],"microscopy,":[335],"LPS":[338],"conjugated":[339],"fluorochrome":[342],"showed":[343],"presence":[345,359,443],"surface.":[352],"Western":[354],"blot":[355],"co-receptors":[362],"MD2":[363],"CD14.":[365],"As":[366],"consequence,":[367],"been":[371],"studied":[372],"flow":[374],"cytometry":[375],"evaluate":[377],"alteration":[378],"protein":[381],"expression.":[382],"\\nMoreover,":[383],"reconstituted":[385],"profile":[388],"adding":[394],"fixed":[395],"numbers":[396],"(10%":[400],"contaminating":[402,429],"final).":[404],"Although":[405],"latter":[407],"'co-cultures'":[408],"cytokines":[411],"agonist":[414],"absolute":[417],"levels":[418],"inferior":[420],"those":[422],"measured":[423],"(<5%":[427],"\\nTo":[431],"further":[432],"address":[433],"issue":[435],"whether":[437],"microglial":[438],"activation":[440,506],"results":[446],"either":[448],"physical":[449],"interaction":[450],"chemical":[455],"induction":[456],"mediated":[457],"mediator(s)":[462],"medium,":[466],"\u201cTranswell":[468],"insert\u201d":[469],"used.":[472],"The":[473],"astrocyte/microglia":[474],"co-culture":[475],"paradigm":[476],"described":[477],"here":[478],"may":[479],"provide":[480],"useful":[482],"starting":[483],"point":[484],"elucidate":[486],"underlying":[490],"astrocyte-":[491],"microglia-specific":[493],"pertaining":[495],"to,":[496,500],"although":[497],"limited":[499],"especially":[503],"where":[504],"plays":[507],"role.":[509]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}