{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6982324593","doi":null,"title":"The Human Cost of DeepSeek: Hype the Technology, Hide the Workers","display_name":"The Human Cost of DeepSeek: Hype the Technology, Hide the Workers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6982324593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04952735v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ip-paris.hal.science/hal-04952735","pdf_url":"https://ip-paris.hal.science/hal-04952735v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1 (1), DiPLab. 2025, pp.10","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ip-paris.hal.science/hal-04952735v1/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048065232","display_name":"Antonio A. Casilli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2025-1627","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2025-1627"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Casilli, Antonio, A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOS - Num\u00e9rique, Organisation et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris 19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU. \r\nAnciennement: SID: Sociologie, Information-Communication Design - France)","SES - D\u00e9partement Sciences Economiques et Sociales (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris 19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOS - Num\u00e9rique, Organisation et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris 19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU. \r\nAnciennement: SID: Sociologie, Information-Communication Design - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SES - D\u00e9partement Sciences Economiques et Sociales (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris 19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105096111","display_name":"Thomas Le Bonniec","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Bonniec, Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOS - Num\u00e9rique, Organisation et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris 19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU. \r\nAnciennement: SID: Sociologie, Information-Communication Design - France)","SES - D\u00e9partement Sciences Economiques et Sociales (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris 19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOS - Num\u00e9rique, Organisation et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris 19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU. \r\nAnciennement: SID: Sociologie, Information-Communication Design - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SES - D\u00e9partement Sciences Economiques et Sociales (T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris 19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120 PALAISEAU - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024078157","display_name":"Julian Posada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-6503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-6503"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Posada, Julian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University [New Haven] (157 Church Street, New Haven, CT 06510-2100 - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University [New Haven] (157 Church Street, New Haven, CT 06510-2100 - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"10","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13088","display_name":"Legal and Labor Studies","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deepseek","display_name":"DeepSeek","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-subsidies","display_name":"government subsidies","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-wage-work","display_name":"low-wage employment","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-incentives","display_name":"tax incentives","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-startups","display_name":"AI startups","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-ai","display_name":"open-source AI","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-exploitation","display_name":"labor exploitation","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5681999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992558563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Human welfare","level":3,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019207227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10883614","display_name":"Human life","level":3,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017581826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077518","display_name":"Cost control","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04952735v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ip-paris.hal.science/hal-04952735","pdf_url":"https://ip-paris.hal.science/hal-04952735v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1 (1), DiPLab. 2025, pp.10","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04952735v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ip-paris.hal.science/hal-04952735","pdf_url":"https://ip-paris.hal.science/hal-04952735v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1 (1), DiPLab. 2025, pp.10","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W6982324593.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W6982324593.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128721491","https://openalex.org/W7196979638","https://openalex.org/W7163678669","https://openalex.org/W4413009713","https://openalex.org/W4407690110","https://openalex.org/W7055227256","https://openalex.org/W7123240709","https://openalex.org/W4408303560","https://openalex.org/W4410640439","https://openalex.org/W4407250359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"China's":[0],"AI":[1],"sensation":[2],"DeepSeek":[3,80],"claims":[4,93],"to":[5,28,69,71,121,148],"match":[6],"ChatGPT's":[7,123],"capabilities":[8],"for":[9],"just":[10,97],"1%":[11],"of":[12,18,76,96,103,131],"the":[13,88,113],"cost":[14,138],"and":[15,66,109,117,139],"a":[16,40,73,94],"fraction":[17],"its":[19,36,44],"energy":[20],"consumption,":[21],"marketing":[22,115],"itself":[23],"as":[24,84],"an":[25],"open-source":[26],"alternative":[27],"US":[29],"tech":[30],"giants.":[31],"Debates":[32],"that":[33],"focus":[34],"on":[35,112],"technical":[37],"prowess":[38],"overlook":[39],"crucial":[41],"factor":[42],"in":[43,59],"success:":[45],"government-subsidized":[46],"data":[47,78],"labor.":[48],"Recent":[49],"Chinese":[50],"policies":[51],"have":[52],"aimed":[53],"at":[54],"creating":[55],"sprawling":[56],"data-annotation":[57],"hubs":[58],"'tier":[60],"3'":[61],"cities,":[62],"offering":[63],"tax":[64],"breaks":[65],"financial":[67],"incentives":[68],"companies":[70],"sustain":[72],"vast":[74],"workforce":[75],"low-wage":[77],"labelers.":[79],"portrays":[81],"these":[82],"workers":[83],"expert":[85],"researchers-even":[86],"suggesting":[87],"CEO":[89],"himself":[90],"labels":[91],"data-and":[92],"team":[95],"32":[98],"annotators.":[99],"However,":[100],"this":[101],"version":[102],"events":[104],"clashes":[105],"with":[106],"documented":[107],"evidence":[108],"casts":[110],"doubt":[111],"startup's":[114],"narrative":[116],"technological":[118],"claims.":[119],"Similar":[120],"how":[122],"ambitious":[124],"AGI":[125],"prophecies":[126],"were":[127],"undermined":[128],"by":[129],"revelations":[130],"widespread":[132],"human":[133],"annotation":[134],"networks,":[135],"DeepSeek's":[136],"miraculous":[137],"efficiency":[140],"metrics":[141],"may":[142],"conceal":[143],"less":[144],"comfortable":[145],"realities":[146],"yet":[147],"be":[149],"fully":[150],"appreciated.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
