{"id":"https://openalex.org/W69819309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689709001013","title":"Laboratory Instrumentation in Clinical Biochemistry: An Historical Perspective","display_name":"Laboratory Instrumentation in Clinical Biochemistry: An Historical Perspective","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W69819309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689709001013","mag":"69819309","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9488018","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1296603"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/014107689709001013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689709001013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689709001013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49645005","display_name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","issn_l":"0141-0768","issn":["0141-0768","1758-1095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1296603","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084074747","display_name":"A O Olukoga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111611","display_name":"Salford Royal Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/027rkpb34","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111611","https://openalex.org/I4405259061"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A O Olukoga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester;","Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001823899","display_name":"John Bolodeoku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-9285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-9285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801138448","display_name":"The Royal Free Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ge67z96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248724","https://openalex.org/I2801138448"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Bolodeoku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital, London;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital, London;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801138448"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005998523","display_name":"David Ian Donaldson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8036-3455","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8036-3455"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801633684","display_name":"East Surrey Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/028vv3s82","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801633684","https://openalex.org/I4210157942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120272","display_name":"Crawley Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02vh6gg23","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853801","https://openalex.org/I4210120272","https://openalex.org/I4210157942"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Donaldson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Pathology, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, Surrey and Crawley Hospital, Crawley, West Sussex, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Pathology, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, Surrey and Crawley Hospital, Crawley, West Sussex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801633684","https://openalex.org/I4210120272"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76363636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"10","first_page":"570","last_page":"577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7689999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7689999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.12399999797344208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.08619999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-equipment","display_name":"laboratory equipment","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-chemistry","display_name":"clinical chemistry","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-laboratory-instrumentation","display_name":"clinical laboratory instrumentation","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6036824584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118530786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6018145680427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.45834869146347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45044249296188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10438090562820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08336976170539856}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001671","descriptor_name":"Biochemistry","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001671","descriptor_name":"Biochemistry","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001784","descriptor_name":"Blood Gas Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002498","descriptor_name":"Centrifugation","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002845","descriptor_name":"Chromatography","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011868","descriptor_name":"Radioisotopes","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013594","descriptor_name":"Syringes","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049671","descriptor_name":"History, 18th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/014107689709001013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689709001013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689709001013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49645005","display_name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","issn_l":"0141-0768","issn":["0141-0768","1758-1095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:207648","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1296603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1296603","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1296603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J R Soc Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:9488018","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9488018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:207648","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1296603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44139085","https://openalex.org/W64295076","https://openalex.org/W569959899","https://openalex.org/W615723111","https://openalex.org/W1615932296","https://openalex.org/W1783811484","https://openalex.org/W1830387590","https://openalex.org/W1967147090","https://openalex.org/W1983554669","https://openalex.org/W1986353860","https://openalex.org/W1998270045","https://openalex.org/W2015230257","https://openalex.org/W2032673225","https://openalex.org/W2066490112","https://openalex.org/W2067877546","https://openalex.org/W2070713939","https://openalex.org/W2082914600","https://openalex.org/W2105670555","https://openalex.org/W2109615957","https://openalex.org/W2280572588","https://openalex.org/W2328294235","https://openalex.org/W2344715013","https://openalex.org/W2346958240","https://openalex.org/W2600380301","https://openalex.org/W2883418803","https://openalex.org/W3021000852","https://openalex.org/W3023173633","https://openalex.org/W3025202578","https://openalex.org/W3096720945","https://openalex.org/W4231520440","https://openalex.org/W4235303416","https://openalex.org/W4245712717","https://openalex.org/W4250144253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1714276784","https://openalex.org/W2332906732","https://openalex.org/W2225889418","https://openalex.org/W1992257708","https://openalex.org/W3021883515","https://openalex.org/W4245529019","https://openalex.org/W2034415426","https://openalex.org/W2493861920","https://openalex.org/W4239018196","https://openalex.org/W7099908821"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
