{"id":"https://openalex.org/W69554234","doi":null,"title":"Toward a Theory of Engagement: A Cognitive Mapping of Service-Learning Experiences","display_name":"Toward a Theory of Engagement: A Cognitive Mapping of Service-Learning Experiences","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W69554234","mag":"69554234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:quod.lib.umich.edu:3239521.0007.102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3239521.0007.102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064297","display_name":"University of Michigan Library Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning: vol. 7, no. 1","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089608025","display_name":"Kerry Ann Rockquemore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerry Ann Rockquemore","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004497611","display_name":"Regan Harwell Schaffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7111-4123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7111-4123"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regan Harwell Schaffer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.842,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96293089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"14","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11806","display_name":"Service-Learning and Community Engagement","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11806","display_name":"Service-Learning and Community Engagement","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12345","display_name":"Adult and Continuing Education Topics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-learning","display_name":"service-learning","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"student engagement","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-processes","display_name":"cognitive processes","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-mapping","display_name":"cognitive mapping","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-journals","display_name":"student journals","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitude-change","display_name":"attitude change","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civic-responsibility","display_name":"civic responsibility","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experiential-learning","display_name":"experiential learning","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-learning","display_name":"community learning","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-integration","display_name":"learning integration","score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pepperdine-university","display_name":"Pepperdine University","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-perceptions-of-faculty","display_name":"student perceptions of faculty","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780333494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1597965","display_name":"Service-learning","level":2,"score":0.6768491864204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5780678987503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.43589216470718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.42853277921676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780573756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977433","display_name":"Wonder","level":2,"score":0.42192256450653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.34868955612182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3255161643028259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17717987298965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:quod.lib.umich.edu:3239521.0007.102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3239521.0007.102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064297","display_name":"University of Michigan Library Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning: vol. 7, no. 1","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:69554234","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/mjcsl/3239521.0007.102?rgn=main;view=fulltext","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764621431","display_name":"Michigan journal of community service learning","issn_l":"1076-0180","issn":["1076-0180","1944-0219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Michigan journal of community service learning","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.975600004196167,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2281016097","https://openalex.org/W1987666626","https://openalex.org/W1596300150","https://openalex.org/W7098166123","https://openalex.org/W2139158190","https://openalex.org/W633938079","https://openalex.org/W2938493389","https://openalex.org/W3178713179","https://openalex.org/W65867546","https://openalex.org/W187435078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Service-Learning":[0],"and":[1,11,27,61,65,137,165,174,227,270,334,401,418,436,454,474,509,542,553,592],"Cognitive":[2],"Processing:":[3],"Opening":[4],"the":[5,123,131,171,181,188,216,224,241,254,265,275,301,351,367,376,380,395,399,466,482,496,565,590],"'Black":[6],"Box'":[7],"At":[8],"most":[9,365],"colleges":[10,480],"universities,":[12],"service-learning":[319],"has":[14,47,145,203],"two":[15,51,335],"pedagogical":[16,112,307],"goals:":[17],"increasing":[18],"civic":[19],"responsibility":[20],"(Myers-Lipton,":[21],"1998;":[22,34,73],"Parker-Gwin":[23],"&":[24,32,36,40,71,76,83,87,91,96,283,287,487],"Mabry,":[25],"1998)":[26],"facilitating":[28],"academic":[29],"objectives":[30],"(Astin":[31,70],"Sax,":[33,72,75],"Claus":[35],"Michel,":[37],"2000;":[38,85],"Eyler":[39,90,286],"Giles,":[41,92,288],"1999).":[42],"Current":[43],"research":[44,195],"on":[45,49,215],"focused":[48],"these":[50,100,116,360],"principle":[52],"outcomes,":[53],"using":[54,198],"quantitative":[55,199],"analysis":[56],"to":[57,153,157,180,186,222,248,299],"measure":[58],"students'":[59,294],"attitudes":[60,139],"substantive":[62],"knowledge":[63],"before":[64],"after":[66,383],"engaging":[67],"in":[68,78,108,192,240,262,318,324,369,481,502,511,560,564],"Astin,":[74,80,485],"Avalos,":[77],"press;":[79],"Vogelgesang,":[81],"Ikeda,":[82],"Yee,":[84],"Batchelder":[86],"Root,":[88],"1994;":[89,285],"1999;":[93,516],"Eyler,":[94],"Giles":[95],"Braxton,":[97],"1997).":[98],"From":[99,521],"studies,":[101],"we":[102,150,167,220,524],"have":[103],"learned":[104],"that":[105,127,143,176,201,257,393,503,562],"is,":[107],"fact,":[109],"an":[110],"effective":[111],"technique":[113],"for":[114,205,278,534,589],"meeting":[115],"goals.":[117],"However,":[118],"little":[119],"is":[120,178,297],"known":[121],"about":[122],"actual":[124],"cognitive":[125,255,295],"processes":[126],"students":[128,158,210,232,260,316,368,412,460,491,501,533,557],"undergo":[129],"during":[130,159,234],"community":[132],"learning":[133,144,172,202,236,273],"experience.":[134,183],"Students'":[135],"pre-service":[136],"post-service":[138],"provide":[140],"important":[141],"documentation":[142],"occurred":[146,204],"over":[147,423],"time,":[148],"yet":[149],"are":[151,346,391,505],"left":[152],"wonder":[154],"what":[155],"happens":[156],"this":[160,194,235,522],"time":[161],"period.":[162],"As":[163],"researchers":[164],"educators,":[166],"must":[168],"ask":[169],"how":[170,175],"occurs":[173],"process":[177],"unique":[179],"In":[184],"attempting":[185],"answer":[187],"process-related":[189],"questions":[190],"involved":[191],"service-learning,":[193],"project":[196],"demonstrates,":[197],"data,":[200,239],"a":[206,250,290,306,529],"sample":[207,312],"of":[208,243,253,267,293,303,314,342,350,359,366,375,379,405,432,445,457,465,475,499,531,568],"120":[209,315],"at":[211,321,389,433,446,469],"Pepperdine":[212,322,390,470,490],"University.":[213],"Based":[214],"demonstrated":[217],"attitudinal":[218],"change,":[219],"attempt":[221],"unpack":[223],"complex":[225],"social":[226],"psychological":[228],"experiences":[229,269],"through":[230],"which":[231],"progress":[233],"process.":[237],"Qualitative":[238],"form":[242],"daily":[244],"journals,":[245],"were":[246,385,413,425,439,451,546,558],"used":[247],"create":[249],"descriptive":[251],"map":[252],"stages":[256],"occur":[258],"while":[259],"engage":[261],"service-learning.":[263,363],"Because":[264],"integration":[266],"substantive,":[271],"disciplinary-specific":[272],"remains":[274],"missing":[276],"link":[277],"many":[279],"courses":[320],"(Cohen":[282],"Kinsey,":[284],"1999),":[289],"better":[291],"understanding":[292],"processing":[296],"critical":[298],"improving":[300],"effectiveness":[302],"as":[305,348],"tool.":[308],"Procedures":[309],"Sample":[310],"Our":[311],"consisted":[313],"enrolled":[317],"University":[323,471],"Malibu,":[325],"California.":[326],"These":[327,459,556],"include":[329],"Religion":[330],"101,":[331],"Sociology":[332],"200":[333],"freshman":[336],"seminar":[337],"entitled":[339],"The":[344,537],"Call":[341],"Service.":[343],"required":[347],"part":[349],"general":[352,497],"education":[353],"curriculum;":[354],"however,":[355,494],"not":[356,373],"all":[357],"sections":[358],"utilize":[362],"Consequently,":[364],"our":[370,409],"study":[371],"did":[372],"know":[374],"component":[378],"course":[381],"until":[382],"they":[384,504],"enrolled.":[386],"Service-learning":[387],"those":[392],"fulfill":[394],"criteria":[396],"outlined":[397],"by":[398],"National":[400],"Community":[402],"Service":[403],"Act":[404],"1990.":[406],"(1)":[407],"Within":[408],"overall":[410],"sample,":[411,523],"69%":[414],"female,":[415],"31%":[416],"male,":[417],"disproportionately":[419],"from":[420,426,440,495],"affluent":[421],"families:":[422],"half":[424],"families":[427,441],"with":[428,442],"average":[429],"yearly":[430,443],"incomes":[431,444],"least":[434,447],"$75,000,":[435],"one":[437],"fourth":[438],"$150,000.":[448],"All":[449],"respondents":[450],"between":[452],"18":[453],"22":[455],"years":[456],"age.":[458],"may":[461],"be":[462],"considered":[463],"representative":[464],"student":[467],"population":[468,498],"(Fischer,":[472,515],"1999)":[473],"private":[476],"Christian":[477],"liberal":[478],"arts":[479],"U.S.":[483],"(Sax,":[484],"Korn,":[486],"Mahoney,":[488],"1998).":[489,520],"differ":[492],"significantly,":[493],"college":[500],"more":[506],"racially":[507],"homogeneous":[508],"higher":[510],"parental":[512],"socio-economic":[513],"status":[514],"Sax":[517],"et":[518],"al.,":[519],"purposively":[525],"sub-sampled":[526],"(Berg,":[527],"1995)":[528],"group":[530],"50":[532],"qualitative":[535],"analysis.":[536],"sub-sample":[538],"was":[539],"32%":[540],"male":[541],"68%":[543],"female.":[544],"They":[545],"80%":[547],"White,":[548],"14%":[549],"Hispanic,":[550],"4%":[551],"Black":[552],"2%":[554],"Asian.":[555],"placed":[559],"agencies":[561],"engaged":[563],"following":[566],"range":[567],"service":[569],"activities:":[570],"food":[571],"delivery,":[572],"residential":[573],"geriatric":[574],"care,":[575],"youth":[576],"mentoring,":[577],"public":[578],"education,":[579],"juvenile":[580],"detention,":[581],"free":[582,585],"health":[583],"services,":[584],"legal":[586],"aid,":[587],"shelter":[588],"homeless,":[591],"after-school":[593],"mentoring.":[594],"\u2026":[595]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}