{"id":"https://openalex.org/W69408674","doi":null,"title":"Investing in Early Childhood Education in Ohio: An Economic Appraisal","display_name":"Investing in Early Childhood Education in Ohio: An Economic Appraisal","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W69408674","mag":"69408674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:69408674","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/kf/belfield_report.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034988276","display_name":"Clive Belfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2556-7540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2556-7540","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3905-6744"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Clive Belfield","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2556-7540","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034988276"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91577304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13387","display_name":"Politics, Economics, and Education Policy","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-childhood-education","display_name":"early childhood education","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-returns-to-education","display_name":"economic returns to education","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-in-education","display_name":"investment in education","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-care","display_name":"child care","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.441361665725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993275142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621696","display_name":"Economic appraisal","level":2,"score":0.4106597900390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3639523983001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3323914408683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27553635835647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.19238829612731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:69408674","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/kf/belfield_report.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99905271","https://openalex.org/W202220302","https://openalex.org/W1488142001","https://openalex.org/W1517094287","https://openalex.org/W1532019657","https://openalex.org/W1545260367","https://openalex.org/W1968190772","https://openalex.org/W1974134050","https://openalex.org/W1981946779","https://openalex.org/W1987575106","https://openalex.org/W2007360373","https://openalex.org/W2008015618","https://openalex.org/W2020311437","https://openalex.org/W2025983490","https://openalex.org/W2049369754","https://openalex.org/W2060882813","https://openalex.org/W2065856838","https://openalex.org/W2094591211","https://openalex.org/W2104414924","https://openalex.org/W2106153178","https://openalex.org/W2106476871","https://openalex.org/W2110068092","https://openalex.org/W2112562562","https://openalex.org/W2118218220","https://openalex.org/W2118244077","https://openalex.org/W2144362243","https://openalex.org/W2147299362","https://openalex.org/W2151188646","https://openalex.org/W2165163801","https://openalex.org/W2302516326","https://openalex.org/W2328099995","https://openalex.org/W2797897542","https://openalex.org/W2965955029","https://openalex.org/W3021983229","https://openalex.org/W3121941670","https://openalex.org/W3147444411","https://openalex.org/W3148649285"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099154899","https://openalex.org/W400420394","https://openalex.org/W2792997143","https://openalex.org/W7207665893","https://openalex.org/W2342133307","https://openalex.org/W7101050849","https://openalex.org/W2596401236","https://openalex.org/W2995718344","https://openalex.org/W93756784","https://openalex.org/W2625397388"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}