{"id":"https://openalex.org/W68944913","doi":null,"title":"Analysis of potential trade-offs in regulation of disinfection by-products","display_name":"Analysis of potential trade-offs in regulation of disinfection by-products","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W68944913","mag":"68944913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:68944913","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6751215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025750472","display_name":"John E. Cromwell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John E. Cromwell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039797233","display_name":"X. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-8354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-8354"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-8354","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052343688","display_name":"Stig E. Regli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stig Regli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018108865","display_name":"Bruce A. Macler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce A. Macler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.181,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72075149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.8285999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.8285999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.09799999743700027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfection-by-products","display_name":"disinfection by-products","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-regulation","display_name":"drinking water regulation","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-impact-assessment","display_name":"regulatory impact assessment","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-cost-benefit-analysis","display_name":"regulatory cost-benefit analysis","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-analysis","display_name":"uncertainty analysis","score":0.7179999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.7236171960830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5658372044563293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.478006511926651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985697011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economic analysis","level":2,"score":0.46850019693374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994520894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338798","display_name":"Executive order","level":2,"score":0.43164291977882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3426387906074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3324323296546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3305397629737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.122435063123703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07210880517959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:68944913","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6751215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W94180056","https://openalex.org/W2492396548","https://openalex.org/W1571840105","https://openalex.org/W637835291","https://openalex.org/W7096337700","https://openalex.org/W2057858904","https://openalex.org/W6996199059","https://openalex.org/W2132877493","https://openalex.org/W4241486849","https://openalex.org/W4244005202"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Executive":[0],"Order":[1],"12291":[2],"requires":[3],"the":[4,51,68,89],"preparation":[5],"of":[6,20,83,88],"a":[7],"Regulatory":[8,71],"Impact":[9],"Analysis":[10,72],"(RIA)":[11],"on":[12,29],"all":[13],"new":[14],"major":[15],"federal":[16],"regulations.":[17],"The":[18,57],"goal":[19],"an":[21],"RIA":[22],"is":[23],"to":[24,37,60],"develop":[25],"and":[26,32,64,79,85],"organize":[27],"information":[28],"benefits,":[30],"costs,":[31],"economic":[33],"impacts":[34],"so":[35],"as":[36],"clarify":[38],"trade-offs":[39],"among":[40],"alternative":[41],"regulatory":[42,93],"options.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45],"outlines":[46],"explicit":[47],"methodology":[48],"for":[49,54,92],"assessing":[50],"technical":[52],"potential":[53],"risk-risk":[55],"tradeoffs.":[56],"strategies":[58],"used":[59],"cope":[61],"with":[62],"complexities":[63],"uncertainties":[65],"in":[66,81,86],"developing":[67],"Disinfection":[69],"By-Products":[70],"Model":[73],"are":[74,77],"explained.":[75],"Results":[76],"presented":[78],"discussed":[80],"light":[82,87],"uncertainties,":[84],"analytical":[90],"requirements":[91],"impact":[94],"analysis.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}