{"id":"https://openalex.org/W68606785","doi":null,"title":"Inhibitory effects of phenolics on xanthine oxidase.","display_name":"Inhibitory effects of phenolics on xanthine oxidase.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W68606785","mag":"68606785","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8017853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8017853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8017853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anticancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111846592","display_name":"Wei-Lung Chang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W S Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053516664","display_name":"Yuan\u2010Ching Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7625-606X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7625-606X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y H Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047291470","display_name":"Fung\u2010Jou Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3765-7535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3765-7535"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F J Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113741493","display_name":"H C Chiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H C Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2387,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":154,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41019108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2A","first_page":"501","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12257","display_name":"Bioactive natural compounds","score":0.47999998927116394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3002","display_name":"Drug Discovery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12257","display_name":"Bioactive natural compounds","score":0.47999998927116394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3002","display_name":"Drug Discovery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11139","display_name":"Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid","score":0.24050000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11613","display_name":"Phytochemistry and Biological Activities","score":0.15139999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xanthine-oxidase-inhibition","display_name":"xanthine oxidase inhibition","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenolic-compounds","display_name":"phenolic compounds","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bougainvillea-spectabilis","display_name":"Bougainvillea spectabilis","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeic-acid","display_name":"caffeic acid","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinasterol","display_name":"spinasterol","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esculetin","display_name":"esculetin","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-activity-relationship","display_name":"structure-activity relationship","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-inhibition","display_name":"competitive inhibition","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xanthine","display_name":"xanthine","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-agents","display_name":"anticancer agents","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-product-isolation","display_name":"natural product isolation","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778224086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414116","display_name":"Caffeic acid","level":3,"score":0.917518138885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412509","display_name":"Xanthine oxidase","level":3,"score":0.8741968870162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2472366","display_name":"Scopoletin","level":3,"score":0.7577170133590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.712506890296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5575768947601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779470414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50980","display_name":"Xanthine","level":3,"score":0.5006105899810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777752497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286779","display_name":"IC50","level":3,"score":0.4726544916629791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6732002","display_name":"Magnolol","level":2,"score":0.43123960494995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14728290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882889","display_name":"Uncompetitive inhibitor","level":4,"score":0.42125582695007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777820942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8042974","display_name":"Xanthine oxidase inhibitor","level":4,"score":0.4186045527458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.36411023139953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3228400945663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.27297401428222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.2657736539840698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150757390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1985205","display_name":"Non-competitive inhibition","level":3,"score":0.1873515546321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11627921462059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.09187227487564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.07912275195121765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06896448135375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002109","descriptor_name":"Caffeic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002109","descriptor_name":"Caffeic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004365","descriptor_name":"Drugs, Chinese Herbal","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008519","descriptor_name":"Medicine, Traditional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010636","descriptor_name":"Phenols","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010636","descriptor_name":"Phenols","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010946","descriptor_name":"Plants, Medicinal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012855","descriptor_name":"Sitosterols","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012855","descriptor_name":"Sitosterols","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013265","descriptor_name":"Stigmasterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013265","descriptor_name":"Stigmasterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013265","descriptor_name":"Stigmasterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014969","descriptor_name":"Xanthine Oxidase","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014969","descriptor_name":"Xanthine Oxidase","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016588","descriptor_name":"Anticarcinogenic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016588","descriptor_name":"Anticarcinogenic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8017853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8017853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anticancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:68606785","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8017853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W118881033","https://openalex.org/W2125140983","https://openalex.org/W2020040322","https://openalex.org/W2020834955","https://openalex.org/W7215166925","https://openalex.org/W2006425163","https://openalex.org/W2369965664","https://openalex.org/W90378718","https://openalex.org/W6957994922","https://openalex.org/W2001674845"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111,137],"stems":[1,26],"of":[2,59,76,128,142],"Bougainvillea":[3],"spectabillis":[4],"Wild":[5],"(Nyctaginaceae)":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8,33,42],"used":[9],"in":[10,62,156],"folk":[11],"medicine":[12],"against":[13],"hepatitis.":[14],"Spinasterol,":[15],"22,":[16],"23-dihydrospinasterol":[17],"and":[18,27,100,124,158,163],"caffeic":[19,161],"acid":[20,30,48,162],"were":[21,102],"isolated":[22,35,43],"from":[23,36,44],"the":[24,45,53,73,77,117,129,134],"plant":[25,38],"characterized.":[28],"Caffeic":[29,47],"has":[31,41],"not":[32],"previously":[34],"this":[37,63],"but":[39],"spinasterol":[40],"leaves.":[46],"was":[49,144],"found":[50],"to":[51,71,133],"be":[52,166],"active":[54],"principle":[55],"exhibiting":[56],"strong":[57],"inhibition":[58,127,139],"xanthine":[60,81,109,150],"oxidase":[61,82,151],"study":[64,72],"(IC50":[65,120],"=":[66,121],"39.21":[67],"microM).":[68],"In":[69],"order":[70],"structure-activity":[74],"relationship":[75],"phenolics":[78,87],"as":[79,168],"regards":[80],"inhibition,":[83],"twelve":[84],"naturally":[85],"occurring":[86],"(esculetin,":[88],"scopoletin,":[89],"scoparone,":[90],"barbaloin,":[91],"berberine":[92],"chloride,":[93],"sinomenine,":[94],"osthole,":[95],"paeonol,":[96],"honokiol,":[97],"magnolol,":[98],"methyleugenol":[99],"6-gingerol)":[101],"tested":[103,167],"for":[104],"their":[105],"inhibitory":[106],"effects":[107],"on":[108],"oxidase.":[110],"results":[112],"showed":[113],"that":[114],"esculetin":[115,143,164],"displayed":[116],"strongest":[118],"activity":[119],"28.4":[122],"microM),":[123],"induced":[125],"competitive":[126],"enzyme":[130],"with":[131],"respect":[132],"substrate":[135],"xanthine.":[136],"apparent":[138],"constant":[140],"(Ki)":[141],"2.369":[145],"x":[146],"10(-6)":[147],"M.":[148],"Since":[149],"serum":[152],"levels":[153],"are":[154],"increased":[155],"hepatic":[157],"brain":[159],"tumors,":[160],"should":[165],"anti-hepatitis":[169],"or/and":[170],"anticancer":[171],"agents.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}