{"id":"https://openalex.org/W68368014","doi":null,"title":"Four Generations Working Together in the Workforce and in Higher Education.","display_name":"Four Generations Working Together in the Workforce and in Higher Education.","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W68368014","mag":"68368014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dc.etsu.edu:etd-2435","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1244","pdf_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1244","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196424","display_name":"Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119443389","host_organization_name":"East Tennessee State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119443389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1244","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026227903","display_name":"Lisa Hemmert Speer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119443389","display_name":"East Tennessee State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rfqv493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119443389"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Hemmert Speer","raw_affiliation_strings":["East Tennessee State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East Tennessee State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119443389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026227903"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119443389"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01501669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14088","display_name":"Generational Differences and Trends","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3319","display_name":"Life-span and Life-course Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14088","display_name":"Generational Differences and Trends","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3319","display_name":"Life-span and Life-course Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generational-differences","display_name":"generational differences","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baby-boomers","display_name":"baby boomers","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generation-x","display_name":"Generation X","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millennials","display_name":"millennials","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditionalists","display_name":"traditionalists","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education-workforce","display_name":"higher education workforce","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-satisfaction","display_name":"job satisfaction","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workplace-diversity","display_name":"workplace diversity","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generational-values","display_name":"generational values","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative-inquiry","display_name":"narrative inquiry","score":0.41999998688697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.6879631876945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.6160246729850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24845683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178651","display_name":"Interview","level":2,"score":0.6087135076522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.49744275212287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.46666568517684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.42807579040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.42159369587898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017688695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379689","display_name":"Generation x","level":3,"score":0.4123808741569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3752661347389221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36877769231796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019122810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797819","display_name":"Baby boomers","level":2,"score":0.36540648341178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.34126171469688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.2588951885700226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15422481298446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.10735228657722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.10104352235794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dc.etsu.edu:etd-2435","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1244","pdf_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1244","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196424","display_name":"Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119443389","host_organization_name":"East Tennessee State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119443389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:68368014","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2435&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dc.etsu.edu:etd-2435","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1244","pdf_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1244","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196424","display_name":"Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119443389","host_organization_name":"East Tennessee State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119443389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W68368014.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W68368014.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41799088","https://openalex.org/W64789371","https://openalex.org/W134263160","https://openalex.org/W339626788","https://openalex.org/W339701613","https://openalex.org/W414101518","https://openalex.org/W562631706","https://openalex.org/W646465353","https://openalex.org/W1216021476","https://openalex.org/W1530371870","https://openalex.org/W1551881152","https://openalex.org/W1556808170","https://openalex.org/W1566481965","https://openalex.org/W1572292253","https://openalex.org/W1573287631","https://openalex.org/W1608086823","https://openalex.org/W1619847424","https://openalex.org/W1631767606","https://openalex.org/W1658908529","https://openalex.org/W1685230643","https://openalex.org/W1693629051","https://openalex.org/W1734796177","https://openalex.org/W1782458018","https://openalex.org/W1803273808","https://openalex.org/W1825737955","https://openalex.org/W1995051506","https://openalex.org/W2016738977","https://openalex.org/W2028954902","https://openalex.org/W2033553450","https://openalex.org/W2048752781","https://openalex.org/W2060772473","https://openalex.org/W2086502690","https://openalex.org/W2107617578","https://openalex.org/W2151249447","https://openalex.org/W2155213492","https://openalex.org/W2170080889","https://openalex.org/W2276500821","https://openalex.org/W2329040514","https://openalex.org/W2888353852","https://openalex.org/W2896281029","https://openalex.org/W3204242742","https://openalex.org/W4242396797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7052266247","https://openalex.org/W7111682214","https://openalex.org/W7036421522","https://openalex.org/W3990383","https://openalex.org/W7215537201","https://openalex.org/W3145751153","https://openalex.org/W2972104900","https://openalex.org/W2320955815","https://openalex.org/W3184426375","https://openalex.org/W7171503135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,43,135,145],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,16,24,37,60,95,104,113,176,180,199,204,208,232,238],"this":[3,122,128,233],"study":[4,124],"was":[5,66,255],"to":[6,13,210,216,271],"help":[7],"the":[8,17,29,53,61,102,111,118,130,172,177,189,200,217,222,228,236,242,266,293],"reader":[9],"hear":[10],"and":[11,33,65,76,108,143,152,160,162,169,174,186,194,213,278,282,295,298],"begin":[12],"understand":[14],"each":[15,26,57],"4":[18,46,62,119,218,262],"generations,":[19],"resulting":[20],"in":[21,31,39,52,84,110,121,221,292],"an":[22,40,274],"awareness":[23],"how":[25],"generation":[27,109],"perceived":[28],"world":[30],"general,":[32],"specifically":[34],"its":[35],"perception":[36],"work":[38,202],"academic":[41],"setting.":[42],"researcher":[44,190],"studied":[45,67],"participants":[47],"currently":[48],"or":[49,137],"formerly":[50],"involved":[51],"higher":[54],"education":[55],"environment;":[56],"represented":[58,220],"one":[59],"generations":[63,120,131,219,240,263],"examined":[64],"through":[68],"stories,":[69,75],"autobiography,":[70],"notes,":[71],"conversations,":[72],"interviews,":[73],"family":[74],"life":[77],"experiences.":[78],"Today's":[79],"American":[80],"workforce":[81,112,243],"is":[82,115,288],"unique":[83],"that":[85,101],"never":[86],"before":[87],"has":[88],"there":[89],"been":[90],"such":[91],"a":[92,192,205,284],"diverse":[93],"group":[94],"individuals":[96],"working":[97],"together.":[98],"Research":[99],"suggests":[100],"mixing":[103],"race,":[105],"gender,":[106],"ethnicity,":[107],"today":[114],"remarkable.":[116],"First,":[117],"qualitative":[123,223,234],"were":[125,132],"identified.":[126],"For":[127],"study,":[129,235],"known":[133],"as":[134],"Veterans":[136],"Traditionalists":[138],"born":[139,148,156,165],"approximately":[140,149,157,166],"between":[141,150,158,167],"1922":[142],"1945,":[144],"Baby":[146],"Boomers":[147],"1946":[151],"1964,":[153],"Generation":[154,163],"X":[155],"1965":[159],"1980,":[161],"Y":[164],"1981":[168],"2000.":[170],"After":[171],"collection":[173],"analysis":[175,209],"3":[178],"sets":[179],"data":[181],"(interactive":[182],"interviewing,":[183],"written":[184],"descriptions,":[185],"descriptive":[187],"observations),":[188],"created":[191],"coding":[193],"catalog":[195],"content":[196],"analysis.":[197],"Much":[198],"researcher's":[201],"consisted":[203],"process":[206],"method":[207,231],"discover":[211],"characteristics":[212],"patterns":[214],"similar":[215],"Narrative":[224],"Inquiry":[225],"methodology.":[226],"Through":[227],"narrative":[229],"inquiry":[230],"examination":[237],"multiple":[239],"within":[241],"produced":[244],"more":[245,257],"similarities":[246],"than":[247,259],"differences.":[248],"Common":[249],"ground":[250],"spanning":[251],"over":[252],"80":[253],"years":[254],"evident":[256],"often":[258],"not.":[260],"All":[261],"ultimately":[264],"wanted":[265],"same":[267],"thing":[268],"with":[269],"regard":[270],"their":[272],"jobs:":[273],"enjoyable":[275],"job,":[276,296],"fulfillment":[277],"purpose,":[279],"good":[280],"benefits":[281],"pay,":[283],"perspective":[285],"on":[286],"what":[287],"important,":[289],"respect,":[290],"stability":[291],"company":[294],"validation,":[297],"appreciation":[299],"(Gibson,":[300],"2009).":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
