{"id":"https://openalex.org/W68358492","doi":null,"title":"Electric Charge as a Form of Imaginary Energy","display_name":"Electric Charge as a Form of Imaginary Energy","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W68358492","mag":"68358492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.565.1942","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.565.1942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ptep-online.com/index_files/2008/PP-13-07.PDF","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072443068","display_name":"Tianxi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-4488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-4488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176692203","display_name":"Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hz8m414","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176692203"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianxi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alabama A&M University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-4488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alabama A&M University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176692203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072443068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176692203"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1459,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56833685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"79","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.6420999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.6420999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.35179999470710754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-charge","display_name":"electric charge","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-energies","display_name":"complex energies","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unification-of-gravity-and-electromagnetism","display_name":"unification of gravity and electromagnetism","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newton-s-law-of-gravity","display_name":"Newton's law of gravity","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coulomb-s-law","display_name":"Coulomb's law","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-redshift","display_name":"gravitational redshift","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photons","display_name":"photons","score":0.722000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8370999097824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.5466620326042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40937832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111","display_name":"Electric charge","level":2,"score":0.5387784838676453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.5266385078430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4895108938217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9342510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25406","display_name":"Coulomb","level":3,"score":0.46735572814941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102816655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17102966","display_name":"Magnetic radiation reaction force","level":5,"score":0.4635336399078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45451849699020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4228995740413666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180547424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656181","display_name":"Gravitational redshift","level":3,"score":0.41338372230529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35048267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587553","display_name":"Charged particle","level":3,"score":0.3153337240219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.28255796432495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.23562860488891602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44128863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2282122","display_name":"Cyclotron radiation","level":4,"score":0.0883776843547821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.565.1942","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.565.1942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ptep-online.com/index_files/2008/PP-13-07.PDF","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:68358492","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PrPh....4b..79Z/abstract","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524755","display_name":"PrPh","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PrPh","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1663628769","https://openalex.org/W1973639674","https://openalex.org/W1974171018","https://openalex.org/W1980893337","https://openalex.org/W1981065756","https://openalex.org/W1984005161","https://openalex.org/W2044303834","https://openalex.org/W2048251016","https://openalex.org/W2071117879","https://openalex.org/W2087732686","https://openalex.org/W2095147330","https://openalex.org/W2127865535","https://openalex.org/W2155850371","https://openalex.org/W2226963368","https://openalex.org/W3003209015","https://openalex.org/W3007710437","https://openalex.org/W3028509791","https://openalex.org/W3099696344","https://openalex.org/W3146411982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099017749","https://openalex.org/W3137021635","https://openalex.org/W7204417254","https://openalex.org/W2292012036","https://openalex.org/W2547907579","https://openalex.org/W2385451951","https://openalex.org/W6922527790","https://openalex.org/W2982379061","https://openalex.org/W615488401","https://openalex.org/W2376183507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric":[0],"charge":[1,173],"is":[2,20,27,36,47,92,103,109],"considered":[3],"as":[4,174],"a":[5,21,71,111,142,160,165,175],"form":[6,112,176],"of":[7,15,44,53,59,64,74,81,113,121,177],"imaginary":[8,34,98,178],"energy.":[9],"With":[10],"this":[11],"consideration,":[12],"the":[13,30,33,39,51,75,78,93,104,126,130,134,138,147,152,156,171,184,191],"energy":[14,43,52],"an":[16,45],"electrically":[17],"charged":[18,84],"particle":[19],"complex":[22,79],"number.":[23],"The":[24,42],"real":[25,88,114,124],"part":[26,35],"propor-tional":[28],"to":[29,38],"mass,":[31],"while":[32],"proportional":[37],"electric":[40,65,101,172,187],"charge.":[41],"antiparticle":[46],"given":[48],"by":[49,137,155],"conjugating":[50],"its":[54],"corresponding":[55],"parti-cle.":[56],"Newton\u2019s":[57],"law":[58,63],"gravity":[60],"and":[61,129,186,189],"Coulomb\u2019s":[62],"force":[66],"are":[67,117],"classically":[68,182],"unified":[69],"into":[70],"single":[72],"expression":[73],"interaction":[76,128,140,158],"between":[77,87,97,123],"energies":[80,89,99],"two":[82,119],"electri-cally":[83],"particles.":[85],"Interaction":[86,96],"(or":[90,100],"masses)":[91],"gravitational":[94,149,185],"force.":[95,106],"charges)":[102],"electromag-netic":[105],"Since":[107],"radiation":[108,166],"also":[110],"energy,":[115,179],"there":[116],"another":[118],"types":[120],"interactions":[122],"energies:":[125],"mass-radiation":[127,139],"radiation-radiation":[131,157],"interaction.":[132],"Calculating":[133,151],"work":[135,153],"done":[136,154],"on":[141,159],"photon,":[143,161],"we":[144,162],"can":[145,163],"derive":[146],"Einsteinian":[148,192],"redshift.":[150,194],"obtain":[164],"red-shift.":[167],"This":[168],"study":[169],"suggests":[170],"so":[180],"that":[181],"unifies":[183],"forces":[188],"derives":[190],"grav-itational":[193],"1":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
