{"id":"https://openalex.org/W67514008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","title":"Moving Beyond Arbitrariness: The Legal Personhood And Dignity Of Non-Human Animals","display_name":"Moving Beyond Arbitrariness: The Legal Personhood And Dignity Of Non-Human Animals","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W67514008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","mag":"67514008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115424580","display_name":"South African Journal on Human Rights","issn_l":"0258-7203","issn":["0258-7203","1996-2126"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal on Human Rights","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061154454","display_name":"David Bilchitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-675X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-675X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Bilchitz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061154454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.302,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96545852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"38","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14206","display_name":"Animal Law and Welfare","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14206","display_name":"Animal Law and Welfare","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14259","display_name":"Legal Rights and Human Rights","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14036","display_name":"Literary and Philosophical Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-personality","display_name":"legal personality","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-rights","display_name":"animal rights","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-dignity","display_name":"animal dignity","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonhuman-animals","display_name":"non-human animals","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare-legislation","display_name":"animal welfare legislation","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-persons","display_name":"natural persons","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-dignity","display_name":"human dignity","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/martha-nussbaum","display_name":"Martha Nussbaum","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-flourishing","display_name":"eudaimonia","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-interests","display_name":"animal interests","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-african-law","display_name":"South African law","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-law","display_name":"common law","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-rights","display_name":"constitutional rights","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-personhood","display_name":"animal personhood","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-agency","display_name":"rational agency","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-personhood-of-animals","display_name":"legal personhood of animals","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-animal-divide","display_name":"human-animal distinction","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548836952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170675","display_name":"Personhood","level":2,"score":0.9302864074707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778745096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274782","display_name":"Dignity","level":2,"score":0.883698582649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777451423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629962","display_name":"Arbitrariness","level":2,"score":0.6637023687362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.6379213929176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6002563238143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5766429901123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779103253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878070","display_name":"Duty","level":2,"score":0.5657303333282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48278892040252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.45936885476112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.4531852900981903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.43203601241111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780500402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13023682","display_name":"Non-human","level":2,"score":0.4309538006782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780865100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488994","display_name":"Sentience","level":2,"score":0.4289429485797882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.4111238121986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.4085410535335541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.385622501373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.31346452236175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1951245367527008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08065524697303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115424580","display_name":"South African Journal on Human Rights","issn_l":"0258-7203","issn":["0258-7203","1996-2126"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal on Human Rights","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/12171","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/12171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19962126.2009.11865192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115424580","display_name":"South African Journal on Human Rights","issn_l":"0258-7203","issn":["0258-7203","1996-2126"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal on Human Rights","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W67514008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W67514008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164787318","https://openalex.org/W4405405435","https://openalex.org/W837466341","https://openalex.org/W2964147932","https://openalex.org/W4297539718","https://openalex.org/W2247768498","https://openalex.org/W7168104271","https://openalex.org/W7217777105","https://openalex.org/W2339273739","https://openalex.org/W2179060167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,122,155],"article":[1,365],"considers":[2,366],"the":[3,15,33,65,78,102,124,134,141,165,168,181,193,200,231,241,245,262,305,324,331,335,343,349,352,355,367,372,382,403,422,442,454,457],"legal":[4,18,71,116,170,184,356,410],"personhood":[5,19,185,357,385,435],"and":[6,93,113,136,240,328,375,384,434,456],"dignity":[7,217,347,383,433],"of":[8,17,27,68,80,167,183,192,224,234,248,286,295,308,334,342,346,354,358,363,386,406,412,415,424,445,459],"non-human":[9,309],"animals.":[10,175,215,310,359,387],"It":[11,61],"first":[12],"argues":[13],"that":[14,64,97,104,128,147,202,229,243,280,289,391],"concept":[16,34,411],"can":[20,157,300,329],"embrace":[21,402],"all":[22,320],"those":[23,36,188,321],"who":[24,37,189,322],"are":[25,38,149,190,267,284],"capable":[26,223,285],"having":[28,287],"rights":[29,132,288,417],"or":[30,209],"duties.":[31],"Since":[32],"includes":[35],"rights-bearers,":[39],"without":[40],"necessarily":[41],"being":[42],"duty-bearers,":[43],"it":[44,50,94,297],"is":[45,51,62,95,196,219,298,392,394,399,418],"necessary":[46],"to":[47,55,143,174,187,221,269,303,326,380,401],"investigate":[48],"whether":[49,395],"possible":[52],"for":[53,87,126,179,278,337,351,369,428],"animals":[54,69,105,429],"be":[56,158,222,270,291,301],"rights-bearers":[57],"within":[58,133,261],"our":[59],"law.":[60],"argued":[63],"traditional":[66,85],"classification":[67],"as":[70,237,254,313,379,420],"objects":[72],"has":[73],"already":[74],"been":[75],"challenged":[76],"by":[77,213,316],"enactment":[79],"animal":[81,416],"welfare":[82],"legislation.":[83],"Certain":[84],"justifications":[86],"such":[88,98,253],"legislation":[89,99],"cannot":[90],"withstand":[91],"scrutiny":[92],"shown":[96,220,268],"rests":[100],"upon":[101],"recognition":[103,353],"have":[106,130,205,323],"important":[107],"interests":[108],"in":[109,118,172,199],"their":[110,119,432,446],"own":[111,120],"lives":[112],"so":[114,378],"require":[115],"protections":[117,427],"right.":[121],"provides":[123],"basis":[125,178],"recognising":[127,279,431],"they":[129,148],"certain":[131,249],"law,":[135],"consequently,":[137],"if":[138],"we":[139],"take":[140],"argument":[142],"its":[144],"logical":[145],"conclusion":[146,156],"natural":[150],"persons":[151],"rather":[152],"than":[153],"things.":[154],"reached":[159],"through":[160,430],"courts":[161],"simply":[162],"drawing":[163],"out":[164],"implications":[166,405],"existing":[169],"regime":[171],"relation":[173],"An":[176],"alternative":[177],"restricting":[180],"category":[182,239],"only":[186,260,281],"members":[191],"human":[194,203,235,263,282],"species":[195],"often":[197],"rooted":[198],"notion":[201,294],"beings":[204,236,283],"a":[206,238,438,450],"special":[207,232,246],"\u2018worth\u2019":[208],"\u2018dignity\u2019":[210],"not":[211],"possessed":[212],"other":[214,242],"The":[216,293,311,340,360,409],"claim":[218],"two":[225],"different":[226],"interpretations:":[227],"one":[228],"asserts":[230,244],"value":[233,247],"complex":[250],"characteristics":[251],"\u2013":[252,257],"rational":[255],"agency":[256],"largely":[258],"found":[259],"species.":[264],"Both":[265],"interpretations":[266],"flawed":[271],"and,":[272],"ultimately,":[273],"provide":[274],"no":[275],"acceptable":[276],"justification":[277],"must":[290],"respected.":[292],"dignity,":[296],"argued,":[299],"developed":[302,314],"remove":[304],"arbitrary":[306],"exclusion":[307],"concept,":[312],"recently":[315],"Martha":[317],"Nussbaum,":[318],"embraces":[319],"capacity":[325],"flourish":[327],"recognise":[330,381],"variable":[332],"nature":[333],"good":[336],"diverse":[338],"beings.":[339],"adoption":[341],"revised":[344],"conception":[345],"paves":[348],"way":[350],"final":[361],"part":[362],"this":[364,407],"possibilities":[368],"interpreting":[370],"both":[371],"common":[373],"law":[374,455],"constitutional":[376],"provisions":[377],"A":[388],"key":[389],"problem":[390],"addressed":[393],"South":[396,461],"African":[397,462],"society":[398],"ready":[400],"full":[404,443],"recognition.":[408],"\u2018progressive":[413],"realisation\u2019":[414],"proposed":[419],"offering":[421],"possibility":[423],"ensuring":[425],"greater":[426],"whilst":[436],"embracing":[437],"gradualist":[439],"approach":[440],"towards":[441],"realisation":[444],"rights,":[447],"thus":[448],"preventing":[449],"wholesale":[451],"disjunction":[452],"between":[453],"attitudes":[458],"wider":[460],"society.":[463]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-09T07:26:56.047234","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}