{"id":"https://openalex.org/W67511599","doi":null,"title":"Precommitment: a misguided strategy for securing death with dignity.","display_name":"Precommitment: a misguided strategy for securing death with dignity.","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W67511599","mag":"67511599","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15478265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15478265","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15478265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Texas law review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041996501","display_name":"Rebecca Susan Dresser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Dresser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041996501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90205353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"7","first_page":"1823","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10177","display_name":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","score":0.8906000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10177","display_name":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","score":0.8906000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.10570000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precommitment","display_name":"precommitment","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advance-directives","display_name":"advance directives","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/living-wills","display_name":"living wills","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/death-with-dignity","display_name":"dying with dignity","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-of-life-decision-making","display_name":"end-of-life decisions","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-sustaining-treatment","display_name":"life-sustaining treatment","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advance-decision-making","display_name":"advance decision-making","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-ethics","display_name":"medical ethics","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethics","display_name":"bioethics","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/withholding-and-withdrawing-treatment","display_name":"withholding and withdrawing treatment","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-autonomy","display_name":"patient autonomy","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informed-consent","display_name":"informed consent","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-law","display_name":"medical law","score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euthanasia","display_name":"euthanasia","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advance-care-planning","display_name":"advance care planning","score":0.35600000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777238470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239565","display_name":"Precommitment","level":2,"score":0.9652508497238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778745096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274782","display_name":"Dignity","level":2,"score":0.7183235883712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188084074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194294","display_name":"Bioethics","level":2,"score":0.5533633828163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.495929092168808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117438556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4887413","display_name":"Beneficence","level":3,"score":0.49310609698295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4260939657688141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36316704750061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.33110707998275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32362931966781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.3208138346672058}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003704","descriptor_name":"Dementia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005190","descriptor_name":"Family","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007603","descriptor_name":"Jurisprudence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008020","descriptor_name":"Life Support Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010684","descriptor_name":"Philosophy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013727","descriptor_name":"Terminal Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013727","descriptor_name":"Terminal Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016223","descriptor_name":"Advance Directives","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016223","descriptor_name":"Advance Directives","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016223","descriptor_name":"Advance Directives","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016743","descriptor_name":"Mental Competency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020458","descriptor_name":"Third-Party Consent","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024362","descriptor_name":"Advance Directive Adherence","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D026684","descriptor_name":"Personal Autonomy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026686","descriptor_name":"Beneficence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026706","descriptor_name":"Paternalism","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D028761","descriptor_name":"Withholding Treatment","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032882","descriptor_name":"Comprehension","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036262","descriptor_name":"Empirical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15478265","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15478265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Texas law review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/999959","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/999959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:260587","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:67511599","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15478265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W139739139","https://openalex.org/W3047678402","https://openalex.org/W2092585546","https://openalex.org/W2726798842","https://openalex.org/W2113146550","https://openalex.org/W7053121730","https://openalex.org/W3085854708","https://openalex.org/W2417900755","https://openalex.org/W126602896","https://openalex.org/W3125296994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precommitment":[0,39],"is":[1,40,76,194,256,315,487],"a":[2,11,44,128,147,162,200,215,372,383,449,452,546,568,616,632],"seductive":[3],"concept":[4,505],"in":[382],"bioethics.":[6],"Many":[7,133],"see":[8,498],"it":[9,523],"as":[10,26,43,275,342],"way":[12],"for":[13,90,107,260,321,425,545,557],"people":[14,109,378,431],"to":[15,28,35,46,78,119,140,173,225,279,303,307,348,376,379,405,410,416,436,471,492,497,570,573,614,622],"answer":[16,308],"all":[17],"sorts":[18],"of":[19,53,63,150,155,164,182,214,337,352,363,385,399,458,481,506,511,580,610,631],"biomedical":[20],"questions":[21,48,152],"about":[22,49,111,176,203],"the":[23,50,64,72,120,144,153,156,183,230,267,276,292,350,364,390,459,479,512,528,537,597,601,608,629],"future,":[24],"such":[25,236,371],"whether":[27,34,540,572,587],"participate":[29],"dementia":[31],"research":[32],"or":[33,496,624],"have":[36,86,567],"children":[37],"posthumously.":[38],"most":[41,219],"popular":[42],"strategy":[45,106,259,320],"resolve":[47,174],"future":[51,204],"use":[52],"life-sustaining":[54,177,427,541,575,626],"treatment.":[55,178,534],"The":[56,328,335,418,504,517,562],"living":[57,365,391,460],"will":[58,125,366],"was":[59,374,543],"an":[60,104,257,316,360,393,469,611],"early":[61,361],"focus":[62],"death":[65],"with":[66,169,291,432],"dignity":[67],"movement":[68],"and":[69,81,84,130,137,166,196,269,300,318,324,333,402,429,443,451,577],"its":[70],"successor,":[71],"advance":[73,88,123,191,273,293,338,507],"treatment":[74,192,281,309,339,542,576,583,590],"directive,":[75],"central":[77],"medical":[79],"ethics":[80],"law.":[82],"Scholars":[83],"researchers":[85],"analyzed":[87],"directives":[89],"more":[91],"than":[92,243],"three":[93],"decades.":[94],"Their":[95],"work":[96,151,160],"exhibits":[97],"two":[98],"contradictory":[99],"themes.":[100],"First,":[101],"precommitment":[102,172,255,306,314],"remains":[103],"alluring":[105],"many":[108,558],"worried":[110],"end-of-life":[112,262,533],"care.":[113,248],"People":[114],"this":[116,141,250],"group":[117],"cling":[118],"notion":[121],"that":[122,288,313,439,499,565,578],"decisionmaking":[124,340,508],"deliver":[126],"them":[127],"dignified":[129,325],"merciful":[131],"death.":[132,326],"philosophers,":[134],"clinicians,":[135],"judges,":[136],"legislators":[138],"belong":[139],"group.":[142,185],"At":[143],"same":[145,595],"time,":[146],"second":[148,184],"body":[149],"wisdom":[154],"first":[157,529,602],"position.":[158],"This":[159],"describes":[161,285],"host":[163],"ethical":[165,299],"practical":[167],"problems":[168,290],"relying":[170,304],"on":[171,190,305,532],"decisions":[175,228,584],"I":[179,252,265,311],"am":[180],"part":[181,510],"In":[186,218,249,525,535],"my":[187],"view,":[188],"reliance":[189],"choice":[193,274],"misguided":[195],"morally":[197],"troubling.":[198],"Although":[199],"person's":[201],"statements":[202,237],"care":[205],"can":[206],"be":[207,239,441],"relevant,":[208],"they":[209,221,500,588],"are":[210,501],"just":[211],"one":[212,486],"element":[213],"complex":[216],"situation.":[217],"instances,":[220],"offer":[222],"little":[223],"guidance":[224],"those":[226],"making":[227,261],"at":[229,478],"bedside.":[231],"And":[232],"some":[234,473],"cases,":[235],"should":[238,585],"given":[240],"less":[241],"weight":[242],"other":[244],"considerations":[245],"affecting":[246],"patient":[247,548],"Article,":[251],"explain":[253],"why":[254],"inferior":[258],"decisions.":[263],"Part":[264,283,296],"reviews":[266],"literature":[268],"legal":[270,513],"rules":[271],"promoting":[272],"preferred":[277],"approach":[278],"resolving":[280],"questions.":[282,310],"II":[284],"empirical":[286],"findings":[287],"expose":[289],"directive":[294,618],"approach.":[295],"III":[297],"discusses":[298],"policy":[301],"objections":[302],"conclude":[312],"impractical":[317],"inappropriate":[319],"securing":[322],"humane":[323],"I.":[327],"Pro-Precommitment":[329],"Position":[330],"Ethics":[332],"Policy":[334],"idea":[336],"emerged":[341],"modern":[343],"medicine":[344],"became":[345,509],"increasingly":[346],"able":[347],"prolong":[349],"lives":[351],"seriously":[353],"compromised":[354],"patients.":[355],"Attorney":[356],"Luis":[357],"Kutner":[358],"published":[359],"version":[362],"1969.1":[368],"He":[369],"said":[370],"document":[373,419],"needed":[375],"allow":[377,430],"avoid":[380],"life":[381],"state":[384],"indefinite":[386],"vegetated":[387],"animation.2":[388],"Through":[389],"will,":[392],"individual,":[394],"while":[395],"fully":[396],"control":[398,474],"his":[400,403,620],"faculties":[401],"ability":[404],"express":[406],"himself,":[407],"[could]":[408],"indicate":[409],"what":[411,476],"extent":[412],"he":[413],"would":[414,420,440],"consent":[415],"treatment.3":[417],"protect":[421],"physicians":[422],"from":[423],"liability":[424],"with-holding":[426],"interventions":[428],"particular":[433],"religious":[434],"beliefs":[435],"specify":[437],"treatments":[438],"acceptable":[442],"unacceptable.":[444],"A":[445],"few":[446],"years":[447,559],"later,":[448],"philosopher":[450],"physician":[453,621],"proposed":[454],"their":[455],"own":[456],"versions":[457],"will.4":[461],"Like":[462],"Kutner's":[463],"recommended":[464],"document,":[465],"these":[466],"proposals":[467],"represented]":[468],"effort":[470],"retain":[472],"over":[475],"happens":[477],"end":[480],"one's":[482],"life,":[483],"even":[484],"if":[485,560],"then":[488],"no":[489],"longer":[490],"competent":[491],"make":[493,615],"personal":[494],"choices":[495],"carried":[502],"out.5":[503],"landscape":[514],"1976.":[516],"New":[518],"Jersey":[519],"Supreme":[520],"Court":[521],"endorsed":[522],"re":[526],"Quinlanf":[527],"major":[530],"case":[531],"Quinlan,":[536],"court":[538,563],"considered":[539],"required":[544],"brain-damaged":[547],"who":[549],"had":[550],"permanently":[551],"lost":[552],"consciousness,":[553],"but":[554],"could":[555],"live":[556],"treated.":[561],"ruled":[564],"patients":[566],"right":[569,609],"decide":[571],"receive":[574,589],"evidence":[579],"any":[581],"previous":[582],"influence":[586],"after":[591],"becoming":[592],"incapacitated.7":[593],"That":[594],"year,":[596],"California":[598],"legislature":[599],"passed":[600],"Natural":[603],"Death":[604],"Act,":[605],"which":[606],"recognize[d]":[607],"adult":[612],"person":[613],"written":[617],"instructing":[619],"withhold":[623],"withdraw":[625],"procedures":[627],"event":[630],"terminal":[633],"condition.":[634],"\u2026":[635]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}