{"id":"https://openalex.org/W67149165","doi":null,"title":"Safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with ephedrine, caffeine and an ephedrine/caffeine mixture.","display_name":"Safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with ephedrine, caffeine and an ephedrine/caffeine mixture.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W67149165","mag":"67149165","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8384186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8384186","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8384186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057263310","display_name":"Sren Toubro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Toubro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Fredriksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Fredriksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048067129","display_name":"Arne Vernon Astrup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-8996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-8996"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A V Astrup","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052587222","display_name":"Leif Breum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5309-8302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5309-8302"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Breum","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022105720","display_name":"FLEMMING QUAADE","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Quaade","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85131946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17 Suppl 1","issue":null,"first_page":"S69","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12539","display_name":"Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12539","display_name":"Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11264","display_name":"Coffee research and impacts","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10489","display_name":"Regulation of Appetite and Obesity","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ephedrine","display_name":"ephedrine","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeine","display_name":"caffeine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-loss","display_name":"weight loss","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-loss-maintenance","display_name":"weight loss maintenance","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lean-body-mass","display_name":"lean body mass","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-therapy","display_name":"dietary therapy","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-safety","display_name":"drug safety","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-effects","display_name":"adverse effects","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/withdrawal-symptoms","display_name":"withdrawal symptoms","score":0.8640000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778984665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219626","display_name":"Ephedrine","level":2,"score":0.9514667987823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778500429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235","display_name":"Caffeine","level":2,"score":0.9415584802627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.8251320123672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7708253264427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544821477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718113","display_name":"Weight loss","level":3,"score":0.5390033721923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.5202199816703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4600967764854431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120863210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17064264","display_name":"Lean body mass","level":3,"score":0.449307918548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.42797189950942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.40451663732528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.35232213139533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.352136492729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004809","descriptor_name":"Ephedrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004809","descriptor_name":"Ephedrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004809","descriptor_name":"Ephedrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010919","descriptor_name":"Placebos","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015431","descriptor_name":"Weight Loss","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8384186","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8384186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:67149165","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8384186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W36044457","https://openalex.org/W2331366182","https://openalex.org/W2290920852","https://openalex.org/W3501369","https://openalex.org/W2149142894","https://openalex.org/W150062392","https://openalex.org/W321537221","https://openalex.org/W1989488975","https://openalex.org/W2157583412","https://openalex.org/W2087322848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,87],"a":[1,30,77],"randomized,":[2,89],"placebo-controlled,":[3],"double":[4],"blind":[5],"study,":[6],"180":[7],"obese":[8,96],"patients":[9,36,63],"were":[10],"treated":[11],"by":[12],"diet":[13],"(4.2":[14],"MJ/day)":[15],"and":[16,119,136,138],"either":[17],"an":[18,71],"ephedrine/caffeine":[19,68,113],"combination":[20,114],"(20mg/200mg),":[21],"ephedrine":[22],"(20mg),":[23],"caffeine":[24],"(200mg)":[25],"or":[26],"placebo":[27],"3":[28],"times":[29],"day":[31],"for":[32],"24":[33],"weeks.":[34],"141":[35],"completed":[37,64],"this":[38],"part":[39],"of":[40,85],"the":[41,67,100,112],"study.":[42],"All":[43],"medication":[44],"was":[45],"stopped":[46],"between":[47],"week":[48,58,93],"24-26":[49],"in":[50,70,76,117],"order":[51],"to":[52,60],"catch":[53],"any":[54],"withdrawal":[55,140],"symptoms.":[56],"From":[57],"26":[59],"50,":[61],"99":[62],"treatment":[65],"with":[66],"compound":[69,102],"open":[72],"trial":[73],"design,":[74],"resulting":[75],"statistically":[78],"significant":[79],"(p":[80],"=":[81],"0.02)":[82],"weight":[83,121],"loss":[84],"1.1kg.":[86],"another":[88],"double-blind,":[90],"placebo-controlled":[91],"8":[92],"study":[94],"on":[95],"subjects":[97],"we":[98],"found":[99],"mentioned":[101],"showed":[103],"lean":[104,126],"body":[105,127],"mass":[106,128],"conserving":[107],"properties.":[108,130],"We":[109],"conclude":[110],"that":[111],"is":[115],"effective":[116],"improving":[118],"maintaining":[120],"loss,":[122],"further":[123],"it":[124],"has":[125],"saving":[129],"The":[131],"side":[132],"effects":[133],"are":[134],"minor":[135],"transient":[137],"no":[139],"symptoms":[141],"have":[142],"been":[143],"found.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
