{"id":"https://openalex.org/W67014942","doi":null,"title":"Advanced Sequence Classification Techniques Applied to Online Handwriting Recognition","display_name":"Advanced Sequence Classification Techniques Applied to Online Handwriting Recognition","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W67014942","mag":"67014942"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:67014942","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lmb.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/people/bahlmann/data/ba_phd_2005.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032338259","display_name":"Claus Bahlmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-2860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-2860"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claus Bahlmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-2860","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032338259"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69892473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.016499999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-handwriting-recognition","display_name":"online handwriting recognition","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-classification","display_name":"sequence classification","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-time-warping","display_name":"dynamic time warping","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-data","display_name":"directional data","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writer-independent-recognition","display_name":"writer-independent recognition","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6917847394943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6819859743118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5736989378929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.528385579586029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5145080089569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5120975971221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5084075331687927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.48944106698036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.4813195466995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.4663485884666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.45392510294914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.42503461241722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42109307646751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.39234843850135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.28276216983795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:67014942","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lmb.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/people/bahlmann/data/ba_phd_2005.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27881537","https://openalex.org/W90105696","https://openalex.org/W98859974","https://openalex.org/W185215740","https://openalex.org/W854322902","https://openalex.org/W1483628210","https://openalex.org/W1495251942","https://openalex.org/W1508165687","https://openalex.org/W1512098439","https://openalex.org/W1532573643","https://openalex.org/W1547416962","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1560013842","https://openalex.org/W1565212980","https://openalex.org/W1583663058","https://openalex.org/W1587362683","https://openalex.org/W1587659972","https://openalex.org/W1587670653","https://openalex.org/W1599953749","https://openalex.org/W1602114584","https://openalex.org/W1631753712","https://openalex.org/W1648445109","https://openalex.org/W1864809774","https://openalex.org/W1877570817","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1966127804","https://openalex.org/W1966812932","https://openalex.org/W1972446646","https://openalex.org/W1988942209","https://openalex.org/W1990063583","https://openalex.org/W1991254011","https://openalex.org/W2012338341","https://openalex.org/W2012908927","https://openalex.org/W2020725915","https://openalex.org/W2026559509","https://openalex.org/W2036374621","https://openalex.org/W2045987273","https://openalex.org/W2055075080","https://openalex.org/W2057619148","https://openalex.org/W2071396781","https://openalex.org/W2075978670","https://openalex.org/W2078354939","https://openalex.org/W2080220147","https://openalex.org/W2082558327","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2088032561","https://openalex.org/W2092001588","https://openalex.org/W2098164044","https://openalex.org/W2099399408","https://openalex.org/W2101117375","https://openalex.org/W2101977118","https://openalex.org/W2105004615","https://openalex.org/W2105594594","https://openalex.org/W2106132157","https://openalex.org/W2106391744","https://openalex.org/W2108482774","https://openalex.org/W2110604750","https://openalex.org/W2111960252","https://openalex.org/W2117812871","https://openalex.org/W2118036489","https://openalex.org/W2118499976","https://openalex.org/W2124158580","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2127940044","https://openalex.org/W2129913453","https://openalex.org/W2129932701","https://openalex.org/W2129971280","https://openalex.org/W2131490916","https://openalex.org/W2131612517","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2132875213","https://openalex.org/W2134467827","https://openalex.org/W2138745909","https://openalex.org/W2138879556","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2140409019","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2142879125","https://openalex.org/W2144026429","https://openalex.org/W2146950091","https://openalex.org/W2147510700","https://openalex.org/W2150980932","https://openalex.org/W2155368638","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2157239837","https://openalex.org/W2157243241","https://openalex.org/W2158289097","https://openalex.org/W2159737176","https://openalex.org/W2160726327","https://openalex.org/W2161562001","https://openalex.org/W2162870748","https://openalex.org/W2164715647","https://openalex.org/W2168353336","https://openalex.org/W2171689817","https://openalex.org/W2171850596","https://openalex.org/W2260569600","https://openalex.org/W2331504550","https://openalex.org/W2341171179","https://openalex.org/W2395364843","https://openalex.org/W2399095859","https://openalex.org/W2548695521","https://openalex.org/W2554813760","https://openalex.org/W2732415280","https://openalex.org/W2796649821","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2905505698","https://openalex.org/W3193477162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098079891","https://openalex.org/W2131612517","https://openalex.org/W2105004615","https://openalex.org/W7097534653","https://openalex.org/W1886297555","https://openalex.org/W4225682188","https://openalex.org/W7095586396","https://openalex.org/W2740524490","https://openalex.org/W7100528433","https://openalex.org/W2260371759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,36,196],"term":[1],"handwriting":[2],"recognition":[3,41,64,92,123,153],"(HWR)":[4],"denotes":[5],"the":[6,33,53,115,122,183,186,191,258,266,285,297,313],"process":[7],"of":[8,19,65,89,143,161,178,260,268,312,324],"transforming":[9],"a":[10,87,127,141,206,231,237,277,307,321],"language,":[11],"which":[12,155,210,274],"is":[13,146,166,205,265,282,294],"represented":[14,74],"in":[15,86,96,230,257,280],"its":[16,23],"spatial":[17],"form":[18],"graphical":[20],"marks,":[21],"into":[22,182,190],"symbolic":[24],"representation.":[25],"Online":[26],"HWR":[27,57,139,253,302],"performs":[28],"this":[29,144,159,246],"task":[30],"concurrently":[31],"to":[32,44,80,126,131,148,158,222,250,276,289],"writing":[34],"process.":[35],"present":[37],"thesis":[38,145,171,319],"studies":[39],"high-accuracy":[40],"methods":[42,48],"applied":[43],"online":[45,56,69,138,301],"HWR.":[46],"Those":[47],"have":[49],"been":[50],"implemented":[51],"within":[52,329],"writer":[54],"independent":[55],"system":[58],"frog":[59],"on":[60,168,284],"hand":[61],"(f":[62],"reiburg":[63],"on-line":[66],"handwriting).":[67],"In":[68,78,300],"HWR,":[70,81],"data":[71,84,163,271,273,293,304,328],"are":[72,156,228],"typically":[73],"as":[75,306],"vector":[76,82,132],"sequences.":[77],"addition":[79],"sequence":[83,162,208,215],"appear":[85,305],"number":[88],"additional":[90],"pattern":[91,152],"problems,":[93,109],"for":[94],"instance,":[95],"speech":[97],"recognition,":[98],"genome":[99],"processing,":[100],"financial":[101],"and":[102,105,218,235,326],"medical":[103],"applications,":[104],"robotics.":[106],"For":[107],"those":[108],"designing":[110],"classifiers":[111],"that":[112],"directly":[113],"address":[114],"data\u2019s":[116],"natural":[117],"representation":[118],"can":[119],"greatly":[120],"improve":[121],"accuracy,":[124],"compared":[125],"potential":[128],"pre-applied":[129],"transformation":[130],"space":[133,234],"data.":[134],"Beside":[135],"introducing":[136],"novel":[137],"approaches,":[140,224],"concern":[142],"also":[147],"develop":[149],"broadly":[150],"applicable":[151],"techniques,":[154],"generic":[157],"bouquet":[160],"problems.":[164],"Emphasis":[165],"placed":[167],"classification.":[169],"This":[170,318],"describes":[172,320],"two":[173,226],"complementary":[174],"classification":[175,194],"methods,":[176],"one":[177,188],"them":[179],"(CSDTW)":[180],"falling":[181],"so-called":[184,192,269],"generative,":[185],"other":[187],"(SVMGDTW)":[189],"discriminative":[193],"category.":[195],"generative":[197,200],"CSDTW":[198],"(cluster":[199],"statistical":[201,219,261],"dynamic":[202],"time":[203],"warping)":[204],"scalable":[207],"classification,":[209,262],"aims":[211],"at":[212],"holistically":[213],"combining":[214],"cluster":[216],"analysis":[217],"modeling.":[220],"Contrary":[221],"previous":[223],"these":[225],"aspects":[227],"embedded":[229],"single":[232],"feature":[233,309],"use":[236],"closely":[238],"related":[239],"distance":[240],"measure.":[241],"As":[242],"will":[243],"be":[244],"shown,":[245],"combined":[247],"modeling":[248,267,323],"leads":[249],"very":[251],"accurate":[252],"results.":[254],"Particularly":[255],"interesting":[256],"context":[259],"like":[263],"CSDTW,":[264],"directional":[270,290,303,325],"(i.e.,":[272],"corresponds":[275],"direction,":[278],"thus,":[279],"2D":[281],"distributed":[283,295],"unit":[286],"circle;":[287],"opposed":[288],"data,":[291],"linear":[292,327],"along":[296],"real":[298],"line).":[299],"valuable":[308],"by":[310],"means":[311],"angular":[314],"pen":[315],"trace":[316],"direction.":[317],"unified":[322]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
